Resumen
The extreme shallow-water waves during a tropical cyclone are often simplified to solitary waves. Considering the lack of simulation tools to effectively and efficiently forecast wave forces on coastal box-girder bridges during tropical cyclones, this study investigates the impacts of solitary waves on box girders and accordingly develops a fast prediction model for solitary wave forces. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are used to simulate the hydrodynamic forces on the bridge deck. A total of 368 cases are calculated for the parametric study by varying the submergence coefficients (Cs), relative wave heights (H/h) and deck aspect ratios (W/h). With the CFD simulation results as the training datasets, an artificial neural network (ANN) is trained utilizing the back-propagation algorithm. The maximum wave forces first increase and then decrease with the Cs, while they monotonically increase with H/h. For relatively large H/h and small Cs values, the relationship between the maximum wave forces and W/h presents strong nonlinearities. The observed correlation coefficients between the ANN predictions and the CFD results for the vertical and horizontal wave forces are 98.6% and 98.1%, respectively. The trained ANN-based model shows good prediction accuracy and could be used as an efficient model for the tropical cyclone risk analysis of coastal bridges.