Resumen
As a solution to avoid the blockage of the drainage pipe by traditional vacuum preloading, step vacuum preloading (SVP) has been progressively studied. However, the effectiveness of this technique has yet to be systematically analyzed. In this study, an indoor model test was conducted in which vacuum pressure was applied in five stages (10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kPa) to dredger soil with high clay content at a reclamation site in Binhai New Area, Tianjin, China. The extent of the consolidation effect of the soil was determined, and the effectiveness of the step vacuum preloading method to address drainage pipe blockage was evaluated. The results indicate that soil settlement increases at each stage of vacuum pressure treatment and the degree of vertical consolidation at each stage exceeds 90%. At the end of the treatment stage with vacuum pressure of 80 kPa, the weakly bound water was discharged. Dissipation of pore water pressure occurred in all stages. On the basis of these results, it is shown that SVP can efficiently reinforce dredger fill. Moreover, after SVP, the grain size of the soil and void ratio are still uniformly distributed. Regardless of their location from the drainage pipe, soil exhibits permeability coefficients within the same order of magnitude. The consolidation effect of soil in each stage and the increased drainage rate in the initial stage of vacuum preloading with 80 kPa indicate that the test in the current study can decrease the horizontal displacement of fine particles and can avoid drainage pipe blockage.