Resumen
In the actual operation of urban rail transit (URT), the vibrations of steel-spring floating-slab tracks (SSFSTs) are amplified, and the track structure has strong low-frequency acoustic radiation; therefore, it is necessary to study the acoustic radiation of SSFSTs. In addition, multi-block short track structures are often laid within the URT lines; however, many researchers studying the reduction of vibration track service performance problems only select one or several block tracks to study. In reality, many short track structures will become sound sources when a train passes, and different sound sources will have various acoustic effects during the propagation process; therefore, it is necessary to study the rationality of any track acoustic model that analyzes the acoustic radiation problem. In order to more accurately predict the acoustic characteristics of steel-spring short floating-slab tracks (SSSFSTs) on a one-span bridge, train-track-bridge interaction theory and the acoustic boundary element method (BEM) were adopted to study the acoustical differences and mechanism of the float-slab number in the acoustic model. The results showed that with the increase in the floating-slab number in the acoustic model, the acoustic radiation ability of SSSFSTs and the sound pressure in the sound field increased; however, it was not a simple linear increase. Thus, the floating-slab number in the acoustic model not only affected the acoustic radiation ability but also caused acoustic effects during the propagation process, which affected the predicted results. The vibration characteristics of each floating-slab were different, and the acoustic input conditions of different numbers of floating-slabs in the acoustic model led to significant differences in the acoustic analysis. There was also obviously a different acoustic contribution of each floating-slab to the same sound field point, which led to the significant influence of the sound pressure at the sound field points when using different acoustic models. Therefore, using acoustic models with different floating-slab numbers had a significant effect on the acoustic analysis of SSSFSTs. In order to study the acoustic characteristics of SSSFSTs on a one-span bridge, it was necessary to establish a complete acoustic model.