Resumen
A lot of interest has been placed into extracellular vesicles as an intercellular communication mechanism with potential clinical application. As these vesicles are found naturally in body fluids such as blood, urine and saliva, it is possible to isolate them from a liquid biopsy to analyze their content, elucidate their interaction with different cell populations (crosstalk) and determine their effect during the development of a particular pathology. Clinical applications of exosomes include the discovery of diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers for cancer and other diseases, and therapeutic approaches such as organ-specific delivery of drugs, among others. Here, we provide a specific review of how extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, are carriers for biomolecules like immune checkpoint proteins, ligands, receptors and a wide range of RNA species, which can have an impact on cancer development.