Resumen
The use of anti-programmed cell-death protein (ligand)-1 (PD-[L]1) is now a standard of care for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the treatment only benefits 10?20% of patients when used as a monotherapy. The unique environments of hepatitis and/or cirrhosis, which continuously interact with the hosts? immune systems, make it difficult to find appropriate biomarkers to predict the response or lack of response of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment in HCC. The current review aimed to present both clinical and translational biomarkers for anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment in HCC.