Resumen
Oligo-recurrence and oligo-progression in oncology refer to scenarios in which five or fewer metastases develop after the primary lesions and other metastases have been treated using radical surgery or controlled using systemic therapy. Such scenarios are now considered favorable indications for metastasis-directed treatment (MDT), where a curative approach is possible. The primary strategy for recurrence and metastases in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is systemic therapy, which includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, MDTs such as stereotactic body radiation therapy, which involves larger doses administered over fewer fractions than conventional radiation therapy, have shown the potential to improve outcomes for selected patients with RCC experiencing oligo-recurrence and oligo-progression. Combining MDT with ICIs may yield better results owing to their synergistic effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the current evidence related to the management of oligo-recurrent and -progressive RCC.