ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Photosynthetic and antioxidant performance are differentially affected by short-term nitrogen supply in highbush blueberry cultivars

Erwin Yañez-Mansilla    
Paula Cartes    
Marjorie Reyes-Díaz    
Alejandra Ribera-Fonseca    
Miren Alberdi    

Resumen

Nitrogen (N) is an essential nutrient for photosynthesis and may influence phenolic compound synthesis in higher plants. The effect of different amounts of N (0 to 38 mM) provided on a short-term (4 d) basis on the photosynthetic and antioxidant performance of highbush blueberry cultivars (Legacy and Bluegold) grown in a nutrient solution was studied. In both cultivars, the N concentration of leaves slightly increased in response to the N supply, with Bluegold frequently showing higher N concentrations than Legacy. Photosynthesis was reduced in Bluegold at the highest N dose, whereas in Legacy, a decrease of CO2 assimilation occurred under N starvation. This decrease in photosynthesis was accompanied by enhanced lipid peroxidation but only in Bluegold. In both cultivars superoxide dismutase (SOD) was activated with an increasing N supply. Legacy also showed increased SOD activity to counteract oxidative stress at higher N levels. Radical scavenging activity was not affected by the N supply. However, the total phenols and anthocyanins steadily declined in the leaves of Legacy, and flavonoids were significantly increased in the roots of both cultivars with increasing N treatments. Thus, our findings indicate that blueberry cultivars exhibit differential sensitivity to short-term N stress, and SOD appears to be more involved than phenolic compounds in the amelioration of N-induced oxidative stress. Further studies are required to confirm the sensitivity to either N starvation in Legacy or N excess in Bluegold under long-term conditions.   El nitrógeno (N) es un nutriente esencial para la fotosíntesis, el cual puede afectar la síntesis de compuestos fenólicos en plantas superiores. Se estudió el efecto de diferentes dosis de nitrógeno (0 a 38 mM) en el desempeño fotosintético y antioxidante en cultivares de arándano alto (Legacy y Bluegold) creciendo en solución nutritiva en tiempo corto (4 d). En ambos cultivares, la concentración de N de las hojas incrementó levemente en respuesta a la aplicación de N, mostrando Bluegold frecuentemente mayores concentraciones de N que Legacy. La fotosíntesis disminuyó en Bluegold a la dosis más alta de N, mientras que en Legacy esta reducción ocurrió en condiciones de privación de N. Este descenso en la fotosíntesis fue acompañado por una elevada peroxidación lipídica en Bluegold. En ambos cultivares SOD fue activada a medida que incrementó el aporte de N. Legacy también mostró un incremento en la actividad SOD que contrarrestó el estrés oxidativo a las mayores adiciones de N. La actividad de remoción de radicales libres no fue afectada por la adición de N. Sin embargo, los contenidos de fenoles totales y antocianinas disminuyeron paulatinamente en hojas de Legacy, y el de flavonoides incrementó significativamente en raíces de ambos cultivares a medida que el suministro de N aumentó. Así, nuestros resultados indican que los cultivares de arándano alto exhiben diferente sensibilidad al estrés por N en el corto tiempo y que SOD parece estar más involucrada que los compuestos fenólicos en la atenuación del estrés oxidativo inducido por N. Futuros estudios se requieren para confirmar la sensibilidad ya sea a la privación de N en Legacy o al exceso de éste en Bluegold en tiempo largo.

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