ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Effect of the stocking rate and buffer feeding to grazing dairy cows in early and mid season on milk production.

Antonio Hargreaves    
Oscar Strauch    
Nolberto Teuber    

Resumen

Two grazing experiments using spring calving Frisian milking dairy cows, were conducted at Remehue Experiment Station, located in Osorno (10th region), Chile, 750 kilometers south of Santiago. Typical temperate climate permanent swards were used in the experiments. Experiment 1 (November 1993 to March 1994) had six treatments. Three different stocking rates: light (L), two cows x ha-1; moderate (M), four cows x ha-1, and heavy (H) six cows x ha-1; with and without supplementation with silage buffer fed once a day, offered ad libitum during 1 h after morning milking. Experiment 2 had three treatments, using the same stocking rates as in Experiment 1, with grazing and without supplementation. Productive parameters of cows and sward characteristics were recorded. Milk production per cow decreased as stocking rate increased, 23,2 22,9 and 21,8 L x cow-1 for L, M and H, respectively in Experiment 1; 24,2 24,3 and 21,4 L x cow-1 for L, M and H, respectively, in Experiment 2. Milk production per hectare, however, reacted in the opposite direction. Milk constituents were not affected neither under different stocking rates or with supplementation. Grazing behaviour was also recorded. Grazing time was not significantly affected by stocking rates, but it was decreased by supplementation: 550 and 475 min x cow-1, with and without supplementation, respectively. Increasing stocking rates up to six cows x ha-1, resulted in an increment of milk per hectare and a decrease in milk per cow. Supplementation allowed grazing surface releasing, which is specially important under sward restricted periods. White clover and perennial ryegrass parameters were also measured; no treatment effects were found.En el Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, ubicado a 8 km al norte de la ciudad de Osorno (Décima Región), se realizaron dos ensayos de pastoreo rotativo en praderas típicas de la zona de las lluvias con vacas lecheras de parto de primavera. El ensayo 1 (desde Noviembre, 1993 a Marzo de 1994), consistió en 6 tratamientos de 3 cargas animales diferentes con y sin suplementación con ensilaje de pradera ofrecido ad libitum por una hora después de la ordeña de la mañana. El ensayo 2, consintió en 3 tratamientos de cargas animales diferentes. La disponibilidad de pradera (kg m.s./vaca/día), fueron notablemente diferentes entre las cargas en ambos ensayos. En términos generales, se observó una tendencia a disminuir la producción individual con el aumento de la carga y a una leve disminución de la producción individual al suplementar en primavera. En verano (período 2), la suplementación tendió a aumentar la producción de leche pero no en forma significativa (P> 0,05). La carga animal pesada del ensayo 2, presentó una altura de salida de pastoreo estimada de 4,2 cm o 988 kg m.s./ha. de residuo, que limitó el consumo, producción y composición nutricional de leche en forma significativa (P<0,01). Se presentan antecedentes de composición de leche y comportamiento animal. Bajo condiciones de estos ensayos, se observa que el uso de una alta carga animal permite aumentar la producción de leche por hectárea y la suplementación con un ensilaje de baja calidad. Puede incluso disminuir la producción en primavera y tender a aumentarla levemente en verano. Por otra parte la suplementación permite liberar superficie de pastoreo y/o disminuir el sobrepastoreo especialmente en período estival.

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