ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Production of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedlings in granulate rockwool and expanded perlite for use in hydroponics.

Maria Luisa Tapia    
José Marcelo Caro    

Resumen

The quality of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) seedlings is closely dependent on the substrate and the management practice during the transplant to the hydroponic system. This seed bed process may affect the normal development of the seedlings by affecting the post-transplanting period, potentially causing root stress, infl uencing establishment and even leading to seedling loss. An important criterion when choosing either a single or mixed substrate is the ability to provide for both growth and establishment of the seedlings in the hydroponic system. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of granulated rockwool substrate (Agrolan?, Compañía Industrial El Volcán S.A., Santiago, Chile), expanded perlite A6 (Harbolite Chile Ltda., Santiago, Chile) and a mixture of both substrates on seedling growth, development and establishment after transplant of lettuce seedlings to an NFT-modifi ed hydroponic system. Growth analyses were performed at the 2 to 3 true leaf stage of the lettuce seedlings, which were subsequently transferred to an NFT-modifi ed hydroponic system. The stress level was evaluated at 10 days after transplant. From emergence until the 2 to 3 true leaf stage, no signifi cant differences were observed between the assayed substrates. However, there was a consistent tendency for better growth development when seedlings were cultivated in the 100% rockwool substrate or in the substrate mixture containing rockwool in comparison to 100% expanded perlite. The differences obtained at seedling stages were maintained after seedlings were transplanted. The effect of the substrate was statistically signifi cant (p = 0.05) for all evaluated parameters 10 days after transplanting. These results confi rmed that the rockwool substrate, alone or in combination with expanded perlite, allows for the production of high-quality lettuce seedlings that optimally respond to their establishment in an NFT-modifi ed hydroponic system. La calidad fi nal de un plantín depende estrechamente del sustrato empleado y del manejo realizado durante el transplante al sistema hidropónico. Este proceso puede afectar negativamente el desarrollo posterior de los plantines, alterando el periodo de postransplante, debido que provoca estrés a nivel radical, que genera pérdidas por problemas en el establecimiento de los plantines. Un criterio importante para elegir un sustrato, ya sea sólo o en mezcla, es asegurar la continuidad del crecimiento y el establecimiento de los plantines en el sistema hidropónico. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar los efectos de lana de roca granulada (Agrolan®, Compañía Industrial El Volcán S.A., Santiago, Chile), perlita expandida A6 (Harbolite Chile Ltda., Santiago, Chile) y mezcla de ambos sustratos sobre el crecimiento, desarrollo y posterior establecimiento de plantines de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) en un sistema hidropónico NFTmodifi cado. Los análisis de crecimiento se realizaron cuando los plantines estaban en el estado de 2ª a 3ª hoja verdadera y posteriormente se procedió al establecimiento de ellas en un sistema hidropónico NFT-modifi cado con el objetivo de evaluar el estrés 10 días post transplante. En la primera etapa del desarrollo de los plantines (desde la emergencia hasta el transplante) no se observaron diferencias signifi cativas en los sustratos utilizados. Pero consistentemente se obtuvo una tendencia de un mayor crecimiento de los plantines cuando el sustrato era 100% lana de roca y tambien con las distintas mezclas de este sustrato, en comparación con los resultados obtenidos al emplear 100% perlita expandida. Esta diferencia se mantuvo después del transplante. El efecto del sustrato empleado fue estadísticamente signifi cativo (p = 0.05) en todos los parámetros evaluados 10 días post transplante. Confi rmándose nuevamente que el sustrato lana de roca (sólo o en mezcla con perlita expandida) permitió producir plantines de lechuga de calidad, los que responden de forma óptima al establecimiento en un sistema hidropónico NFT-modifi cado.

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