ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Occurrence and distribution of viruses in commercial plantings of Rubus, Ribes and Vaccinium species in Chile. Cien. Inv. Agr. (in English) 33(1): 19-24.

C. Medina    
J.T. Matus    
C. San-Martín    
P. Arce-Johnson    
M. Zúñiga Zúñiga    

Resumen

Symptoms of viral infection have been observed during the last decade in berry crops; however, only few viral diseases have been reported on raspberry (Rubus idaeus), red currant (Ribes sanguineum) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) crops in Chile. A serological survey based on ELISA test was performed in2000 to determine the six most important virus affecting raspberries and red currants and the four most important viruses in blueberries. This survey comprised a total of 82 ha representative of the main cultivated area distributed in about 940 km from north to south. The results obtained demonstrated an extremely high incidence of the following viruses in raspberry: Apple mosaic virus (87-98%), Arabis mosaic virus (29-86%), Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (35-68%) and Tomato ringspot virus (63-85%). Low incidence levels of Tomato ringspot virus (0-14%) and Tobacco ringspot virus (6-19%) were found in blueberries. Red currants had a low incidence of either Arabis mosaic virus or Tomato ringspot virus, in just one location each. Therefore, the results obtained in this survey will be useful for the establishment of a virus-free certification program, based on ELISA test in Chile. To our knowledge, with the exception of Tomato ringspot virus and Raspberry bushy dwarf virus in raspberry, these virus were reported for the first time, in the above mentioned host plants, in Chile. En Chile, el cultivo de berries: arándano (Vaccinium corymbosum), frambueso (Rubus idaeus) y zarzaparrilla (Ribes sanguineum), se distribuye en las regiones central y sur del país, constituyendo una fuente importante de trabajo. Durante los últimos diez años, han sido reportados una serie de síntomas virales en estos cultivos. Con el propósito de determinar el estado actual de infecciones virales en estas especies, se condujo una prospección en el 2000 de estos cultivos basados en análisis serológico utilizando la técnica de ELISA, para la detección de seis virus en frambueso y zarzaparrilla, y cuatro virus en arándano. Un total de 82 ha de plantaciones comerciales de estas especies, representativas del área total de cultivo, fueron muestreadas y examinadas. Los resultados demostraron diferencias importantes entre localidades. Una muy alta incidencia de los siguientes virus se encontró en frambueso: Apple mosaic virus (87-98%), Arabis mosaic virus (29-86%), Raspberry bushy dwarf virus (35-68%) y Tomato ringspot virus (63-85%), mientras que en arándano hubo una baja incidencia de Tomato ringspot virus (0-14%) yTobacco ringspot virus (6-19%). Zarzaparrillas arrojaron una muy baja incidencia tanto de ArMV como ToRSV en tan solo una localidad cada uno. Estos resultados son importantes al momento de establecer un programa de certificación de plantas libres de virus, lo que permitiría mejorar la calidad y rendimientos es estas especies frutales en Chile. De acuerdo a nuestro conocimiento, con la excepción de Tomato ringspot virus y Raspberry bushy dwarf virus, esta constituye la primera mención de estos virus en Chile, en las plantas hospederas antes indicadas.

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