ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Evaluating orchard and poplar leaves during autumn as an alternative fodder source for livestock feeding

Suleyman Temel    
Mucahit Pehluvan    

Resumen

Fruit tree and poplar leaves that fall in autumn are undervalued in terms of animal feeding mainly because of insufficient knowledge about their potential feeding value. Knowledge of the nutritional values of these species may be important to supplement the feed of grazing animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential fodder value of leaves of plum, apple, poplar, mulberry, peach and apricot trees. For this purpose, samples were collected by hand in autumn 2012 and 2013 when 50% of the leaves had dropped and 90% of the leaves had turned yellow. The crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), dry matter digestibility (DMD), digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and relative feed value (RFV) contents were determined. The CP, DMD, DE, ME and RFV contents of peach leaves were significantly (P=0.01) higher than those of the other trees, but they had lower NDF, ADF and ADL ratios. The lowest CP, DMD, DE, ME, RFV contents and the highest NDF, ADF, ADL values were measured in poplar leaves. According to these results, the tree leaves had a higher nutritional value than many forage grass species and hay fodder commonly used for livestock feeding. Consequently, orchard and poplar leaves that drop in autumn can be used as an alternative fodder source for livestock feeding.Los árboles y las hojas de álamo en otoño están subvaloradas en términos de alimentación de animales principalmente por falta de conocimiento suficiente sobre su valor potencial de alimentación. Por lo tanto, conocer los valores nutricionales de estas especies puede ser importante para llenar el vacío de alimentación de los animales de pastoreo. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el valor potencial de forraje de las hojas de ciruela, manzana, álamo, moreras, melocotoneros y albaricoqueros. Para este fin, las muestras se recogieron manualmente en el periodo en que las hojas de los árboles frutales era de un 50 a 90% de color amarillo, en otoño, durante 2012 y 2013. Se determinaron los contenidos de Proteína Cruda (PC), Fibra Detergente Neutro (FDN), Fibra Detergente Ácido (FDA), Lignina Detergente Ácido (LDA), Digestibilidad de Materia Seca (DMS), Energía Digestible (ED), Energía Metabolizable (EM) y Valor Relativo del Forraje (VRF). Los contenidos de hojas PC, DMS, ED, EM y VRF del melocotón fueron significativamente más altos (P=0.01) que los de otras frutas, pero tuvieron menores proporciones FDN, FDA y LDA. Los valores PC, DMS, ED, EM, VRF menores y los valores FDN, FDA, LDA mayores fueron confirmados en las hojas de álamo. Según estos resultados, se determinó que las hojas de los árboles tienen mayores valores nutricionales que muchas especies de gramíneas y heno usado comúnmente para la alimentación del ganado. Se concluye que las hojas de los árboles frutales que caen en otoño se pueden utilizar como fuente de forraje alternativo para la alimentación del ganado.

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