ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Current state of and perspectives on cocoa production in Mexico

Oscar Díaz-José    
Jorge Aguilar-Ávila    
Roberto Rendón-Medel    
V. Horacio Santoyo-Cortés    

Resumen

Cocoa is one of the principal agricultural and cultural resources of the humid Mexican tropics. At present, the cocoa system is facing an unprecedented production crisis in relation to several factors, including the presence of frosty pod rot (Moniliophthora roreri), plantation neglect and low farm profitability. The aim of this study was to formulate a medium-term plan for cocoa production in Mexico by constructing a Technology Roadmap (TRM). Using an econometric model, production statistics were analyzed for national and international data. Producers participated in 185 surveys, and 82 interviews were performed with key actors in the production chain. The results showed that from 2000-2011, Mexico?s cocoa production decreased by 43.7%, contrary to the increase seen in most cocoa producing nations during that time. The TRM indicates that a six-year period is needed to implement the plan, which would involve integration of pest management, introduction of good agricultural practices and management, participation in breeding, improvement of quality and promotion of national cocoa. These actions require the participation of all production chain stakeholders to encourage farmers to take part in the specialized production of Mexican fine aroma cocoa.  El cacao es uno de los recursos agrícolas y culturales más importantes del trópico húmedo mexicano. Actualmente, el sistema cacao enfrenta una crisis productiva sin precedentes debido a varios factores, entre ellos: la presencia de moniliasis (Moniliphthora roreri), abandono de plantaciones y baja rentabilidad en las fincas. El propósito de este trabajo fue formular un plan de mediano plazo para el desarrollo de la cacaocultura en México, a través de la caracterización y construcción de un Mapa de Ruta Tecnológica (MRT). Mediante un modelo econométrico, se analizaron las estadísticas productivas nacionales e internacionales. Se aplicaron 185 encuestas a productores y se realizaron 82 entrevistas a actores clave de la cadena productiva. Los resultados evidencian que durante el periodo 2000-2011, México presenta una tendencia contraria en el crecimiento de la actividad con respecto a la mayoría de las naciones productoras de cacao y su producción disminuyó 43.7%. El MRT indica que el periodo para la ejecución del plan es de seis años e involucra acciones de manejo integrado de plagas, incorporación de buenas prácticas agrícolas y de manejo, mejoramiento genético participativo, generación de sistemas de calidad y promoción del cacao nacional. Esto requiere de la participación de todos los actores involucrados en la cadena productiva, con el propósito de llevar a las fincas hacia la producción especializada de cacao mexicano fino de aroma.

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