ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Influence of livestock systems with live fences of Gliricidia sepium on several soil properties in Tabasco, Mexico

Gilberto Villanueva-López    
Pablo Martínez-Zurimendi    
Luis Ramírez-Avilés    
Fernando Casanova-Lugo    
Aarón Jarquín-Sánchez    

Resumen

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of two livestock systems, a livestock system with live fences (LSLF) of Gliricidia sepium associated with signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) and a livestock system based on a grass monoculture (LSPM), on specific physical and chemical soil characteristics at different depths and distances from the fence. In each system, we randomly selected 9 plots of 600 m2. A completely randomized design was used with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement in which we analyzed the influence of the livestock systems (LSLF and LSPM), soil strata (0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm) and the interaction of both factors using a multivariate analysis of variance. In addition, we performed analysis of variance to determine the effect of distance sampling in the LSLF (0-3, 3-6 and 6-9 m). The LSLFs were associated with higher (P<0.05) soil organic matter (OM), carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content as well as lower pH and bulk density (BD) when compared with the LSPM. In both livestock systems, the soil OM, C and N were higher (P<0.05) in the upper (0-10 cm) strata and in the LSLF at a 3 to 6 m distance from the live fences. In the LSLF soil, the pH and BD were similar (P>0.05) at different depths and distances from the live fences. However, the soil pH varied between soil depths in the LSPM. Regarding the physical soil properties, only the sand and clay content varied (P<0.05) at different depths in both systems but not at different distances from the LSLF. We concluded that the LSLF presents high potential to substantially improve the physical and chemical soil properties and provide an important option for reducing soil degradation in future in livestock production systems based on pasture monoculture. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de dos sistemas ganaderos, un sistema ganadero con cercas vivas (SGCV) de Gliricidia sepium asociado con pasto señal (Brachiaria decumbens), y un sistema ganadero en monocultivo de pasto (SGMP), sobre algunas características físicas y químicas del suelo a diferentes profundidades y distancias de la cerca. En cada sistema se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 9 parcelas de 600 m2.Se utilizó un diseño estadístico completamente al azar con arreglo factorial 2 × 3; donde se analizó la influencia  de los sistemas ganaderos (SGCV y SGMP), la profundidad de muestreo (0-10, 10-20 y de 20-30 cm) y la interacción de ambos factores, través de un análisis multivariado de varianza. Además se realizó un análisis de varianza para determinar el efecto de la distancia de muestreo en los SGCV (0-3, 3-6 y 6-9 m). Los SGCV fueron asociados con altos contenidos de materia orgánica (MO), carbón (C) y nitrógeno (N) así como con bajos contenidos de pH y densidad aparente del suelo (DA) comparado con los SGMP (P=0.05). En ambos sistemas ganaderos, MO, C y N del suelo fue más alto en la parte superficial (0-10 cm) y, en los SGCV de 3 a 6 m de distancia de las cercas vivas (P=0.05). En los SGCV el pH y la DA del suelo fueron similares a diferentes profundidades y distancias de las cercas vivas (P>0.05). Sin embargo, pH del suelo varió entre las profundidades del suelo en los SGMP. En cuanto a las propiedades físicas del suelo, sólo las proporciones de arena y arcilla variaron a diferentes profundidades en ambos sistemas, pero no a diferentes distancias de los sistemas ganaderos con cercas vivas (P=0.05). Se concluye que los SGCV tienen un enorme potencial para mejorar sustancialmente las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo, siendo una oportunidad para frenar el deterioro de los suelos en sistemas de producción ganaderos basados en el monocultivo de pasto.

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