ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Simulation of control strategies for decision-making regarding Digitaria sanguinalis in glyphosate-resistant soybeans.

Fernando H. Oreja    
Fernando Bastida    
José L. Gonzalez-Andújar    

Resumen

A bioeconomic model was developed for decision-making regarding large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis) control in glyphosate-resistant soybeans in the Rolling Pampas of Argentina. The model was used to evaluate the economic returns of four different glyphosate-based strategies for weed control. In the absence of herbicide application (T1), the soil seed bank increases to an equilibrium density of 12,079 seeds m-2 in three years. A single herbicide application during the early stages of the crop (T2), which was intended to be highly effective in the control of an early weed cohort, allows a late, unaffected cohort to produce sufficient seeds to maintain population densities in the soil seed bank. A single, delayed herbicide application (T3), which was intended to control both early and late cohorts, results in a soil seed bank increase up to an equilibrium density similar to that achieved without treatment. Two sequential herbicide applications per year (T4), targeting the two cohorts, leads to a soil seed bank density after 10 years of 107 seeds m-2. Model predictions indicate that in the absence of control measures, a 93% reduction in soybean yield was predicted due to weed interference. The lowest reduction in crop yield (27%) was predicted using strategy T4, which is the most common control measure used by local farmers. This strategy clearly outperforms the other options tested, leading to lower D. sanguinalis seed bank densities and higher soybean yields and economic returns compared to those obtained using the alternative strategies. Se desarrolló un modelo bioeconómico para la toma de decisión del control de pasto cuaresma (Digitaria sanguinalis), en el cultivo de soja resistente a glifosato, en la Pampa Ondulada de Argentina. Se evaluaron cuatro estrategias de control de la maleza basadas en el uso de glifosato. En ausencia de herbicida (T1), la población de semillas de la maleza aumenta hasta una densidad de equilibrio de 12.079 semillas m-2. Una única aplicación temprana del herbicida (T2), dirigida a un controlar la primera cohorte de la maleza, permite a la segunda producir la suficiente cantidad de semillas para mantener la densidad poblacional del banco del suelo. Una única aplicación tardía del herbicida (T3), dirigida a controlar la primera y la segunda cohorte, resulta en un aumento del banco de semillas a niveles similares a aquellos alcanzados sin tratamiento. Dos aplicaciones en el mismo año dirigidas a controlar ambas cohortes (T4), llevan al banco de semillas luego de 10 años a sólo un 23,17% menos que la densidad predicha para el tratamiento sin control. Las predicciones del modelo indican que en ausencia de control, hay un 93% de pérdida de rendimiento del cultivo a causa de la maleza. La menor reducción del rendimiento del cultivo (27%) fue predicha con la estrategia T2, el control más común utilizado por los productores locales. Esta estrategia lleva a reducciones en la densidad de semillas en el banco del suelo, a mayores rendimientos del cultivo y retornos económicos comparados con las otras estrategias.

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