ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Molecular detection and classification of the phytoplasma that causes purple top in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) in the State of Mexico.

Ana T. Gutiérrez-Ibáñez    
Antonio Laguna-Cerda    
Reina Rojas-Martínez    
Ramiro González-Garza    
Martha L. Salgado-Siclán    

Resumen

The Mexican potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop is affected by several diseases, including purple top (PPT). PPT is caused by phytoplasma and is transmitted by insects in the Cicadellidae family. In severe infections, this pathogen can cause yield losses of nearly 100%. The objective of this research was to identify and classify (at a molecular level) the causal agents of PPT. Potato plants were sampled in the state of Mexico (at Tenango del Valle, Zinacantepec, Atlacomulco and Donato Guerra) in the spring and summer of 2006. Approximately 40% of the plants tested positive for phytoplasma. The presence of plant DNA was determined by amplifying an endogenous gene with the 16s-1/16s-2 primers. To detect phytoplasma, the P1/P7 universal primers were used for PCR, the R16F2n/R16R2 primers were used for nested PCR, and the AluI, HpaII, and KpnI enzymes were used to perform RFLPs. The results indicated that the phytoplasma associated with the PPT disease belongs to the aster yellows (16Sr1) group and the I-B subgroup. The same phytoplasma was found in all three regions of study. When the sequence of the amplified fragment was compared with the registered Gene Bank (NCBI) sequences (using the BLAST package) a homology of 99% was found with the aster yellows (16Srl) group, ?Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris?.  Actualmente el cultivo de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) se ve afectado por la enfermedad conocida como punta morada (PMP), la cual es causada por un fitoplasma transmitido por insectos vectores de la familia Cicadellidae, ocasionando pérdidas de hasta un 100%. El objetivo de esta investigación fue la identificación y clasificación molecular del fitoplasma causante de dicha enfermedad. Durante la primavera y verano de 2006 se hizo un muestreo dirigido a plantas con síntomas en los municipios más importantes para la producción de papa en el Estado de México: Tenango del Valle, Zinacantepec, Atlacomulco y Donato Guerra, resultando el 40% de ellas positivas a fitoplasmas. Se verificó la presencia del ADN vegetal mediante la amplificación del gen endógeno, con los iniciadores 16s-1/16s-2. Para la detección de fitoplasmas se realizó un PCR ? directo, con los partidores universales P1/P7, una PCR anidada con los partidores R16F2n/R16R2, y RFLP´s del producto de PCR con las enzimas Alu I, Hpa II, KpnI. Se determinó que el fitoplasma, asociado con PMP pertenece al grupo aster yellows (16Sr1) subgrupo I-B, siendo el mismo fitoplasma para las tres regiones en estudio. Al comparar la secuencia del fragmento amplificado con las secuencias registradas en el Gen Bank (NCBI) y con el paquete BLAST, se encontró homología del 99% con el grupo del amarillamiento del aster (16Srl), ?Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris?.

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