ARTÍCULO
TITULO

The Cattle Industry in Chile: Facing the Comparative Disadvantages.

J. Dresdner    

Resumen

The industrialorganization of the cattle industry in Chile has been changing rapidly during the nineties. The agentsthat have been leading the changes are the slaughter industry in the beef sector and the milk processingplants in the dairy sector. These changes have been spurred by the commercial policies of the governmentand changes in the regulation of the cattle industry. An increase in expected and actual competitionhas driven many agents to increase efficiency and reduce unit costs of production. Moreover, theincrease in the quantity and quality of demand for beef and dairy products has stressed the existing productivecapacity and led to increased imports. Prices tended to fall and reduce the gap with foreign prices,in spite of the existing excess demand, because of increased foreign competition. All these eventshave contributed to the re-organization of the cattle industry. This process should continue in the futureas a consequence of the reduction in protection of the home industry, implicit in the signed commercialtreaties, and the expected changes in the economic conditions of near competitors. It will continueto modify the structure of the cattle industry, concentrating activities and reducing the wide existingheterogeneity in the sector. La organización industrial de la industria bovinaen Chile ha cambiado en forma rápida durantelos años noventa. Los agentes que han lideradolos cambios son las plantas de faenamiento en laindustria de la carne, y las plantas procesadorasen el sector lechero. Estos cambios han sido estimuladospor las políticas comerciales del gobiernoy los cambios en la regulación de la industriabovina. Un incremento en la competencia esperaday efectiva ha llevado a muchos agentes aaumentar la eficiencia y reducir los costos unitariosde producción. Además, el incremento en lacantidad y calidad de productos cárneos y lácteosdemandados ha tensionado la capacidad productivaexistente y conducido al aumento en lasimportaciones. Los precios han tendido a caer yse ha reducido la brecha con los precios externos,a pesar de existir un exceso de demanda, comoconsecuencia del incremento en la competenciaexterna. Todos estos eventos han contribuido a la reorganización de la industria bovina. Se estimaque este proceso debería continuar en el futuro,en respuesta a la reducción en la protección a laindustria nacional implícita en los acuerdoscomerciales firmados, y los cambios esperadosen las condiciones económicas de los competidorescercanos. Esto seguirá modificando la estructurade la industria bovina, concentrando actividadesy reduciendo la amplia heterogeneidadexistente en el sector.

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