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Irum Khan, Muhammad Kashif Naeem, Armghan Shahzad, Zijin Zhang, Jing Chen and Muhammad Sajjad
Wheat pollen, which is characterized by its short lifespan, exhibits rapid germination after anthesis. The preservation of wheat pollen is contingent upon environmental factors including temperature, relative humidity, light, and wind. The aim is to expl...
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Zahid Masood, Muhammad Usama, Shahroz Khan, Konstantinos Kostas and Panagiotis D. Kaklis
Generative models offer design diversity but tend to be computationally expensive, while non-generative models are computationally cost-effective but produce less diverse and often invalid designs. However, the limitations of non-generative models can be...
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Muhammad Tayyab, Rana Ammar Aslam, Umar Farooq, Sikandar Ali, Shahbaz Nasir Khan, Mazhar Iqbal, Muhammad Imran Khan and Naeem Saddique
Groundwater Arsenic (As) data are often sparse and location-specific, making them insufficient to represent the heterogeneity in groundwater quality status at unsampled locations. Interpolation techniques have been used to map groundwater As data at unsa...
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Muhammad Nafees Ulfat Khan, Weiping Cao, Zhiling Tang, Ata Ullah and Wanghua Pan
The rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) has opened the way for transformative advances in numerous fields, including healthcare. IoT-based healthcare systems provide unprecedented opportunities to gather patients? real-time data and make ap...
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Naseer Muhammad Khan, Liqiang Ma, Muhammad Zaka Emad, Tariq Feroze, Qiangqiang Gao, Saad S. Alarifi, Li Sun, Sajjad Hussain and Hui Wang
The brittleness index is one of the most integral parameters used in assessing rock bursts and catastrophic rock failures resulting from deep underground mining activities. Accurately predicting this parameter is crucial for effectively monitoring rock b...
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Nuaman Ejaz, Aftab Haider Khan, Muhammad Shahid, Kifayat Zaman, Khaled S. Balkhair, Khalid Mohammed Alghamdi, Khalil Ur Rahman and Songhao Shang
Satellite precipitation products (SPPs) are undeniably subject to uncertainty due to retrieval algorithms and sampling issues. Many research efforts have concentrated on merging SPPs to create high-quality merged precipitation datasets (MPDs) in order to...
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Muhammad Usman, Mahnoor Ejaz, Janet E. Nichol, Muhammad Shahid Farid, Sawaid Abbas and Muhammad Hassan Khan
Farmland trees are a vital part of the local economy as trees are used by farmers for fuelwood as well as food, fodder, medicines, fibre, and building materials. As a result, mapping tree species is important for ecological, socio-economic, and natural r...
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Tehseen Mazhar, Hafiz Muhammad Irfan, Sunawar Khan, Inayatul Haq, Inam Ullah, Muhammad Iqbal and Habib Hamam
Smart grids are rapidly replacing conventional networks on a worldwide scale. A smart grid has drawbacks, just like any other novel technology. A smart grid cyberattack is one of the most challenging things to stop. The biggest problem is caused by milli...
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Safiullah Faizullah, Muhammad Sohaib Ayub, Sajid Hussain and Muhammad Asad Khan
Optical character recognition (OCR) is the process of extracting handwritten or printed text from a scanned or printed image and converting it to a machine-readable form for further data processing, such as searching or editing. Automatic text extraction...
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Muhammad Mateen Yaqoob, Muhammad Nazir, Muhammad Amir Khan, Sajida Qureshi and Amal Al-Rasheed
One of the deadliest diseases, heart disease, claims millions of lives every year worldwide. The biomedical data collected by health service providers (HSPs) contain private information about the patient and are subject to general privacy concerns, and t...
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