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Lingjiang Tao
With an El Niño prediction model, an advanced approach of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) is used to reveal the maximum impacts of the errors occurring in initial conditions (ICs) and model parameters (MPs) on the El Niño predictions. T...
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Ru Wang, Qingyu Zheng, Wei Li, Guijun Han, Xuan Wang and Song Hu
The uncertainty in the initial condition seriously affects the forecasting skill of numerical models. Targeted observations play an important role in reducing uncertainty in numerical prediction. The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) meth...
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Siyuan Liu, Qi Shao, Wei Li, Guijun Han, Kangzhuang Liang, Yantian Gong, Ru Wang, Hanyu Liu and Song Hu
Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) represents the initial perturbation that satisfies a certain physical constraint condition, and leads to a maximum prediction error at the moment of prediction. The CNOP method is a useful tool in studyin...
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