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Mohammad Vaferi, Kayvan Pazouki and Arjen Van Klink
This article proposes an analytical model for a conversion from Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) to Liquide Natural Gas(LNG) dual-fuel engine in a fleet with three sizes of vessels in order to investigate the impact of the volatility of oil prices, and a declining E...
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Michael Aucott and Charles Hall
We examined data on fuel consumption and costs for the years 1950 through 2013, along with economic and population data, to determine the percent of U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) spent each year on fuels, including fossil fuels and nuclear ore, and t...
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Alexandre Poisson and Charles A. S. Hall
Modern economies are dependent on fossil energy, yet as conventional resources are depleted, an increasing fraction of that energy is coming from unconventional resources such as tar sands. These resources usually require more energy for extraction and u...
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Carey W. King and Charles A.S. Hall
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Jon Freise
Canada was the world?s third largest natural gas producer in 2008, with 98% of its gas being produced by conventional, tight gas, and coal bed methane wells in Western Canada. Natural gas production in Western Canada peaked in 2001 and remained nearly fl...
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Michael Dale, Susan Krumdieck and Pat Bodger
Most estimates of energy-return-on-investment (EROI) are ?static?. They determine the amount of energy produced by a particular energy technology at a particular location at a particular time. Some ?dynamic? estimates are also made that track the changes...
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Jack P. Manno
Declining energy return on investment (EROI) of a society?s available energy sources can lead to both crisis and opportunity for positive social change. The implications of declining EROI for human wellbeing are complex and open to interpretation. There ...
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Charles A.S. Hall
This paper is a synthesis of a series of twenty papers on the topic of EROI, or energy return on investment. EROI is simply the energy gained from an energy-obtaining effort divided by the energy used to get that energy. For example, one barrel of oil in...
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Charles A.S. Hall, Bruce E. Dale and David Pimentel
The authors of this paper have been involved in contentious discussion of the EROI of biomass-based ethanol. This contention has undermined, in the minds of some, the utility of EROI for assessing fuels. This paper seeks to understand the reasons for the...
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Yan Hu, Lianyong Feng, Charles C.S. Hall and Dong Tian
In China there has been considerable discussion of how one should express the efficiency of energy conversion and production. Energy return on investment (EROI) can be useful for this because its methodology is based on outputs and inputs. Unfortunately,...
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