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Richard A. Falk, Ernest R. Blatchley III, Thomas C. Kuechler, Ellen M. Meyer, Stanley R. Pickens and Laura M. Suppes
Current regulatory codes for swimming pool disinfection separately regulate free chlorine (FC) and cyanuric acid (CYA). It is well-known that CYA affects disinfection rates by reversibly binding to FC in aqueous solutions. However, limits for these regul...
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Karin Gallandat, David Stack, Gabrielle String and Daniele Lantagne
Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NaDCC) are commonly used for household water treatment (HWT); chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is a potential new HWT option. We compared the residual maintenance of NaOCl, NaDCC, and ClO2 over 24 hours...
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Valentin Romanovski, Andrei Paspelau, Maksim Kamarou, Vitaly Likhavitski, Natalia Korob and Elena Romanovskaia
Disinfection of surfaces with various functional purposes is a relevant measure for the inactivation of microorganisms and viruses. This procedure is used almost universally, from water treatment facilities to medical institutions and public spaces. Some...
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Alice Zaghini, Francesca Gagliardi, Valentina Marsili, Filippo Mazzoni, Lorenzo Tirello, Stefano Alvisi and Marco Franchini
Providing water with adequate quality to users is one of the main concerns for water utilities. In most countries, this is ensured through the introduction of disinfectants, such as chlorine, which are subjected to decay over time, with consequent loss o...
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Chi Zhang, Hanchen Miao, Zhongfang Lei, Tian Yuan, Zhenya Zhang, Ikko Ihara, Hideaki Maseda and Kazuya Shimizu
Antibiotic resistance genes can be spread via gene horizontal transfer (GHT). Chlorination and UV irradiation are common disinfection methods used in wastewater treatment plants before the discharge of treated wastewater. This study aimed to elucidate th...
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Sanam Bhatti, Tanveer A. Gadhi, Rasool Bux Mahar, Imran Ali, Najeebullah Channa, Junaid Ahmed Kori and Barbara Bonelli
Biofilms in water distribution lines strongly affect water safety as they are the main carriers of pathogens. The current study investigated the biofilm formation and identification of selected pathogens in different distribution pipeline materials and t...
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Sajeeve Latif, Mohammad A. Alim, Ataur Rahman and Md Mahmudul Haque
The supply of safe drinking water to rural communities has always been challenging, unlike in most large cities where government authorities have constructed central water supply systems. In many rural areas, primary water sources such as surface water a...
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Sriman Pankaj Boindala, G. Jaykrishnan and Avi Ostfeld
Water distribution systems (WDSs) require high-quality water for safe consumption. To achieve this, disinfectants such as chlorine are often added to the water in the system. However, it is important to regulate the levels of chlorine to ensure they fall...
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Haerul Hidayaturrahman, Hyuk Jun Kwon, Yumeng Bao, Shaik Gouse Peera and Tae Gwan Lee
In response to the finding of chironomid larvae in tap water, South Korea?s water treatment system has stepped up water quality monitoring. However, due to the challenging nature of larval behavior, effective elimination remains difficult despite the use...
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Hongjian Wu and Caetano C. Dorea
Free chlorination is a widely employed disinfection method in humanitarian water provision due to its many advantages. However, its effective application is hindered by the challenge in determining adequate initial doses to achieve free chlorine residual...
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