ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Development of a large-area, low-cost solar water-heating system for South Africa with a high thermal energy collection capacity

Monga F. Twite    
Lukas W. Snyman    
Johan De Koker    
Adedayo Ademola Yusuff    

Resumen

A low-cost heat-exchanger system that can be used in high-pressure/low-pressure isolated solar water-heating systems in South Africa was developed for household applications. The combination of a copper coil and electrical heater allowed for isolation of the high-pressure and low-pressure sections of the system and enabled the utilisation of large low-cost solar heat-absorber platforms that operated at low pressure with a low risk of fouling and leaking. The design comprised a copper coil heat exchanger to be installed inside a conventional geyser, to replace the normal heating element and thermostat system in a conventional commercially available household geyser. The electric heating element still supplements the system in low solar energy conditions. The circulation in the system is created by a small separate photovoltaic panel and a circulation pump. An integrated switch allows the system to alternate between conventional electrical heating and solar water-heating according to prevailing weather conditions. Current tests show that the system of 15 m2 area can be installed at a cost of approximately ZAR 10 000?12 000. The system can provide hot water at approximately 12 cents per kWh, with a total heat storage capacity of up to 10 kWh per day. This implies a saving to the customer of up to ZAR 600 per month. The accumulated saving to a household over the ten-year lifetime of the product is estimated at ZAR 200 000. As the thermal energy storage capacity of current systems as available on the local market is approximately 1 kWhr per day for a 2 m2 collector. A typical increase in thermal energy collection capacity of tenfold more than the capability of conventional systems on the market is hence achieved. The system offers implementation possibilities for South Africa?s low-cost housing schemes and can provide for creating numerous new business and job opportunities on the African continent with its abundant solar irradiation resources.

Palabras claves

 Artículos similares

       
 
Luis Gutiérrez Urdaneta,Lenyer Padrón Suárez,Héctor Luis Pentón Julién,Carlos de la Incera Núñez    
Todos los parques fotovoltaicos en explotación en Cuba han sido montados con orientación de los paneles hacia el Sur y con un ángulo de inclinación fijo, generalmente 15 grados. Existen otras alternativas, como el ajuste manual de la inclinación de panel... ver más

 
Jackbed Gakii Mugo, Joseph N. Muguthu     Pág. Page:1 - 6Abstract

 
Sylvester W. Chisale, Zaki Sari     Pág. Page:1 - 16Abstract

 
Karidewa Nyeinga, Denis Okello, Ole Jorgen Nydal    
This study describes a 3D ray tracer model for analysis of a small-scale solar concentrating system where thermal heat is collected for cooking purposes. Emitted sun rays were traced from the source through all reflections until they intercepted with the... ver más

 
Yandi Aníbal Gallego Landera,Leonardo Casas Fernández,Rodolfo Arias García,Roberto Sosa Plasencia     Pág. 82 - 90
Las fuentes renovables de energía son la alternativa del futuro ya que su impacto medioambiental es mínimo, frente a las energíasactuales. El sector fotovoltaico se encuentra en estos momentos a la vanguardia de las energías renovables. Con este trabajo ... ver más