Resumen
As the core component of the cotton picker, the structural characteristics of the spindle directly affect not only its picking performance but also different components of the cotton picker. Therefore, in order to reveal the influence of different angle parameters of hook teeth on the performance of the spindle and the optimal hook tooth angle parameters, this study analyzes the working principle of the picking mechanism of the cotton picker and establishes the force balance equation for the process of picking cotton from the spindle. By analyzing the structural characteristics of the spindle, the best section shape of the spindle head is the equilateral triangle section. The spindle with different angle parameters was made by a metal 3D printer, and the testbed for the dynamic picking performance of the spindle was constructed. The single-factor test was carried out with tooth groove angle before the tooth angle and tooth inclination angle as experimental factors, and the rejection rate of seed cotton, picking time, and picking force as evaluation indexes. The results showed that the tooth groove angle and the tooth inclination angle were negatively correlated with the rejection rate of seed cotton (P < 0.01), and the tooth inclination angle was positively correlated with the picking time (p < 0.01). Further analysis shows that in order to reduce the ejection rate of seed cotton and reduce the picking time, the selection range of the tooth inclination angle should be 55~65°, and the large the tooth groove angle should be selected. Finally, the optimum hook angle parameters are determined as follows: tooth groove angle is 70° before the tooth angle is 89°, and the tooth inclination angle is 65°. The results are of practical significance to optimize the structure of picking hook tooth to improve the picking performance of the spindle and high efficiency of the cotton picker.