Resumen
Livestock significantly contribute to greenhouse gas emissions, with methane production from animals like cows, sheep, and goats being a major concern. Reducing this methane output is crucial for environmental sustainability. There is also a growing interest in enhancing the nutritional quality of meat and milk from these animals. This study investigated the potential of natural additives?sage (SAG), pine (PIN), and clove (CLO) essential oils?to manipulate ruminal fermentation as well as biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The research focused on ruminal gas production, methane emissions, and fatty acid changes using in vitro methods. The essential oils led to lower gas and methane production. Additionally, they affected rumen pH, ammonia levels, and fatty acid profiles. These findings suggest that SAG, PIN, and CLO might reduce methane emissions and improve product quality in livestock. More research is needed to apply these findings practically.