Resumen
Targeting TNF-a was found to be helpful in alleviating inflammation. With TNF-a being a master regulator of inflammation, drugs that target TNF-a can help treat many diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases, where TNF-a plays a critical role. Currently, anti-TNF-a drugs are not approved for treating vascular restenosis. This review article highlights the specific role of TNF-a in promoting proliferation, migration, phenotype switch, and cellular processes in vascular smooth muscle cells, which are the basis for restenosis. Molecular pathways and other mediators associated with TNF-a-induced mechanisms are discussed, which may help to develop a better strategy to use TNF-a antagonists for the treatment of restenosis.