Runoff Simulation and Climate Change Analysis in Hulan River Basin Based on SWAT Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area and Data Sources
2.1. Study Area Overview and Data Acquisition
2.1.1. Study Area Profile
2.1.2. Acquisition of DEM Data in the Watershed
2.1.3. Access to Watershed Land Use Data
2.1.4. Access to the Data on Watershed Land Use
3. Methodology
3.1. Time Series Analysis
3.2. Anomaly Method and Cumulative Anomaly Method
3.3. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model
3.3.1. Construction of Soil Database
3.3.2. The Construction of the Meteorological Database
3.3.3. Snowmelt Processes in the SWAT Model
3.4. SWAT Model Setup
3.4.1. Parameter Sensitivity Analysis and Calibration
3.4.2. SWAT Model Evaluation
4. Results and Discussion
4.1. Characteristics of Climate Change in Hulan River Basin
4.2. Analysis Method and Model Results
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Number | Land Type | SWAT Coding | Area (Km²) | Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Arable land (general) | AGRL | 11,909.5675 | 72.07 |
2 | Forest land | FRST | 1852.4525 | 11.21 |
3 | Meadow | PAST | 277.62 | 1.68 |
4 | Water | WATER | 380.075 | 2.3 |
5 | Residential area | UBRN | 1414.54 | 8.56 |
6 | Wasteland | SWRN | 550.2825 | 3.33 |
Total | 16,525 | 100 |
Label | Soil Type (HWSD) | Name | Area (Km²) | Proportion (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|
11,112 | PHh | Simple black soil | 12,484.6375 | 75.55 |
11,141 | CHg | Gley chernozem | 1736.7775 | 10.51 |
11,341 | FLc | Calcareous alluvial soil | 1.1898 | 0.0072 |
11,359 | GLk | Calcium gley soil | 128.6306 | 0.7784 |
11,637 | ATc | Anthropogenic soil | 378.753 | 2.292 |
11,917 | LVa | Bleached highly active leucosote | 1558.4728 | 9.431 |
11,925 | UR | Urban industrial and mining areas | 123.8714 | 0.7496 |
11,928 | WR | Water | 110.767 | 0.6703 |
11,929 | DS | Dune shifting sand | 0.5949 | 0.0036 |
Total | 16,525 | 100 |
Type | Minimum Infiltration Rate (mm/h) | Permeability | Soil Texture |
---|---|---|---|
A | >7.26 | Higher | Sandy soil and coarse, sandy loam |
B | 3.81–7.26 | Medium | Loam and silty loam |
C | 1.27–3.81 | Lower | Sandy clay loam |
D | <1.27 | Low | Clay and saline soil |
Number | Parameter | Meaning | Range | Final Value | Storage Format |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | CN2 | Runoff curve | −1~1 | 0.98 | .mgt |
2 | ALPHA_BF | Base flow regression coefficient | 0~1 | 0.09 | .gw |
3 | GW_DELAY | Groundwater delay days | 0~450 | 364.5 | .gw |
4 | SOL_K | Saturated water conductivity | −0.5~0.5 | −0.21 | .sol |
5 | ESCO | Soil evaporation compensation factor | 0~1 | 0.63 | .bsn |
6 | SOL_AWC | Effective soil moisture content (mm H2O/mm soil) | −0.25~0.25 | −0.105 | .sol |
7 | CH_K2 | Effective hydraulic conductivity of main channel | 0~150 | 88.5 | .rte |
8 | SMFMX | Maximum snowmelt factor | 0~20 | 16.59 | .bsn |
9 | SMFMN | Minimum snowmelt factor | 0~20 | 3.4 | .bsn |
10 | TIMP | Lag factor of snow cover temperature | 0.0~0.1 | 0.21 | .bsn |
11 | SFTMP | Critical snowfall temperature | 20~20 | −8.26 | .bsn |
12 | SMTMP | Basic temperature threshold of snowmelt | 20~20 | 9.47 | .bsn |
Year | Mean Temperature (°C) | Mean Precipitation (mm) | Mean Wind Speed (m/s) |
---|---|---|---|
1960–1969 | 9.51 | 435.49 | 3.71 |
1970–1979 | 9.86 | 407.48 | 4.09 |
1980–1989 | 9.71 | 448.13 | 3.55 |
1990–1999 | 10.59 | 430.70 | 2.98 |
2000–2009 | 10.49 | 410.07 | 2.68 |
2010–2019 | 10.31 | 522.83 | 2.45 |
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Su, Q.; Dai, C.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, S.; Li, R.; Qi, P. Runoff Simulation and Climate Change Analysis in Hulan River Basin Based on SWAT Model. Water 2023, 15, 2845. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152845
Su Q, Dai C, Zhang Z, Zhang S, Li R, Qi P. Runoff Simulation and Climate Change Analysis in Hulan River Basin Based on SWAT Model. Water. 2023; 15(15):2845. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152845
Chicago/Turabian StyleSu, Quanchong, Changlei Dai, Zheming Zhang, Shupeng Zhang, Ruotong Li, and Peng Qi. 2023. "Runoff Simulation and Climate Change Analysis in Hulan River Basin Based on SWAT Model" Water 15, no. 15: 2845. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15152845