Resumen
The assumptions of the resource-based theory (RBV) are often tested using an approach centered on the heterogeneity of resources, allowing only identify specific resources or capabilities that should be exploited to achieve competitive advantage. In this paper we use a conceptual approach seeking to test whether value, rare and inimitable combinations of resources and capabilities, rather than their specificity, achieve competitive advantage and performance. The results obtained from 368 questionnaires validated by business managers of several Portuguese economic sectors show that the increase in value, rarity and inimitability of the combinations tested, raises the company's competitive advantage, and that performance is achieved by this route. The findings are of interest for the development of the field of strategic management and for managers enabling strategic decision-making based on valuable, rare and inimitable company`s resources and capabilities combinations.