Resumen
It is still a mystery how and where humankind originated and how they decided to settle down. Therefore, scientists have been researching human settlements on Earth from ancient times to the present and have been trying to solve their mysteries. We acknowledge that humans, who have existed for 4,5 million years, pursued a nomadic lifestyle, and globally adopted a settled life nearly 10,000 years ago. The most significant factor among others, encouraging human beings to settle down, is that environmental factors became suitable for building settlements. In the scope of this research, settlements that are assumed to be habited due to climatic changes in various dates and geographies are discussed. The aim is to reveal where these settlements are founded, the influence of climatic changes on these locations, and the relationship of these settlements with each other. As a result, considering the historical processes, we realize that ecological realities necessitated many buildings and settlements. These necessities differ in forms of structures and settlements, types of orientation and positioning, their dimensions, the organization of the space and the materials used in the settlements within the framework of climatic, topographic, and cultural conditions.