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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Effect of genus and growth stage on the chemical and mineral composition of tropical grasses used to feed dairy cows

Gerardo L. Arzate-Vázquez    
Francisco A. Castrejón-Pineda    
René Rosiles-Martínez    
Silvino Carrillo-Pita    
Sergio Angeles-Campos    
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez    

Resumen

In tropical production systems, dairy cows are rarely supplemented with minerals, which often lead to mineral imbalances. Grasses grown together in the same soil type and sampled at the same growth stage can vary widely in chemical and mineral composition; therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the chemical and mineral composition of Urochloa spp., Megathyrsus spp., and Andropogon spp. at three different stages of growth in the same soil type. The content of dry matter (DM; g 100 g-1) was higher (P=0.05) in Urochloa spp. than in Andropogon spp. and Megathyrsus spp. Hemicellulose, non-fiber carbohydrates and slowly degraded true protein contents were higher (P=0.05) in Andropogon spp. than in Urochloa spp. and Megathyrsus spp. Ether extract, crude protein, rapidly degraded true protein and unavailable protein contents were not affected by genus, whereas ether extract, ash, neutral detergent fiber, non-fiber carbohydrates, rapidly degraded true protein and unavailable protein contents were not affected by growth stage. Compared with Urochloa spp. and Andropogon spp., Megathyrsus spp. had higher (P=0.05) contents of Na and Mg, intermediate (P=0.05) contents of Mn and lower (P=0.05) contents of Zn. P, Na, and K contents were affected by growth stage. Compared with Megathyrsus spp. and Andropogon spp., Urochloa spp. Was higher (P=0.05) in P and Na contents. Results from this study may be useful in predicting the nutrient and mineral supply from forages in dairy production systems in tropical areas. En los sistemas de producción tropical, las vacas lecheras rara vez se suplementan con minerales y frecuentemente esto provoca un desequilibrio mineral. Los pastos que crecen en las mismas condiciones de suelo y que son muestreados en la misma etapa de crecimiento pueden variar en su composición química y mineral, por lo tanto el objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar la composición química y mineral de Urochloa spp., Megathyrsus spp., and Andropogon spp., en tres etapas distintas de crecimiento con las mismas condiciones de suelo. El contenido de materia seca (g 100 g-1) fue mayor (P=0.05) en Urochloa spp., que en Andropogon spp., y Megathyrsus spp. Los contenidos de hemicelulosa, carbohidratos no estructurales y proteína verdadera de degradación lenta, fueron mayores en (P=0.05) Andropogon spp., que en Urochloa spp., y Megathyrsus spp. Los contenidos de extracto etéreo, proteína cruda, proteína verdadera de rápida degradación no fueron afectados por el género del pasto; mientras que el extracto etéreo, ceniza, fibra detergente neutra, contenido celular, carbohidratos no estructurales, proteína verdadera de rápida degradación y proteína no degradables tampoco fueron afectados por la etapa de crecimiento de los pastos. En comparación con Urochloa spp., y Andropogon spp., Megathyrsus spp., tuvo mayor (P=0.05) cantidad de P, Na y Mg, valores intermedios (P=0.05) para Mn y valores menores (P=0.05) para Zn. P, Na y K fueron afectados por la etapa de crecimiento de los pastos. Comparado con Megathyrsus spp., y Andropogon spp., Urochloa spp., presentaron contenidos más altos (P=0.05) de P y Na. Los contenidos de K fueron menores (P=0.05) en Andropogon spp., que aquellos observados en Megathyrsus spp., y Urochloa spp. Los resultados de este estudio podrían ser utilizados para calcular o predecir el consumo de nutrientes y minerales de vacas lecheras en sistemas de pastoreo tropical.

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