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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Effects of cold treatment on mortality of Dysaphis cynarae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and Copitarsia decolora (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on fresh artichokes.

F. Urra    
J. Apablaza    

Resumen

Dysaphis cynarae and Copitarsia decolora are key pests of artichokes with quarantine status. Their mortality when stored near 0 ºC, for different lengths of time, was evaluated here. Experiments for D. cynarae were carried out in Pomaire and for C. decolora in Santiago (Región Metropolitana). Naturally aphid-infested artichokes were kept at 0.2 ºC. Live and dead aphids were periodically counted up to 28 days. For C. decolora, artichokes were artificially infested with one larva per unit and kept at 0.1 ºC. Dead larvae were periodically counted up to 21 days. The same procedure was used in a separate experiment at 18.0 ºC. There were no significant differences in aphid mortality between control and cold storage up to 14 days. After 21 and 28 days, mortality reached 53,0% and 64,3%, respectively, being significantly higher than that found on cold-free artichokes, but not enough for total aphid control. All C. decolora were alive after 3 days in cold storage. Mortality of fourth-instar larvae was significant after 14 days in cold storage. For second-instar larvae, mortality was significantly higher from 7 days on. Mortality was over 80% after 21 days in cold storage, which may be useful for local market. At 18 ºC, mortality was very low and not significant, corroborating that cold storage may reduce infestations. The mortality that cold storage inflicted in both species is not enough for fresh export produce going to countries where these insects have quarantine status. Dysaphis cynarae y Copitarsia decolora son plagas importantes en alcachofa y cuarentenarias para Estados Unidos. En esta investigación se determinó la mortalidad que causan temperaturas cercanas a 0 ºC en estos insectos. El estudio con D. cynaraese realizó en Pomaire, Región Metropolitana, y el de C. decolora en la Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Para D. cynarae se utilizaron alcachofas naturalmente infestadas, que se mantuvieron a 0,2 °C. Los pulgones vivos y muertos se registraron periódicamente hasta los 28 días. Para C. decolora cada alcachofa se infestó con una larva y se mantuvieron a 0,1 ºC. Las larvas muertas se registraron periódicamente hasta los 21 días. Otro grupo de larvas se trató de manera similar, pero a 18,0 ºC. No hubo mortalidad de áfidos significativamente diferente al tratamiento 0 días en frío, después de 3, 7 y 14 días en frío. A los 21 y 28 días, la mortalidad alcanzó 53,0% y 64,3%, respectivamente, siendo significativamente mayores a la del testigo, pero insuficiente para control total de D. cynarae en postcosecha. No hubo mortalidad de C. decolora tras 3 días en frío. A partir de los 14 días hubo mortalidad significativa en las larvas de cuarto subestado. Para las larvas de segundo subestado, la mortalidad fue significativamente superior a partir de los 7 días. La mortalidad superó al 80% después de 21 días, lo cual sería útil para el mercado interno, pero insuficiente en situaciones donde esta plaga es cuarentenaria. A 18,0 ºC, la mortalidad fue baja y constante en el tiempo, corroborando que la mortalidad anterior fue causada por frío.

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