Resumen
Tidal bores are a natural phenomenon with high flow velocity and destructive potential. A spur dike is a widely used river regulation and embankment protection structure that minimizes erosion, promotes deposition, and protects riverbanks. However, the scouring mechanism around a spur dike under the action of a tidal bore is not fully understood, and accurately estimating the maximum scour depth has always been a challenge, limiting the construction and maintenance of spur dikes in estuarine and marine environments. This study analyzed the scouring characteristics around a spur dike induced by tidal bores via field observation and model experiments. The results show that the scours around a spur dike can be divided into dike head scour and upstream side scour. The scour depth is related to the geometric shape of the spur dike and its surrounding riverbed, hydrodynamic forces, and sediment characteristics. The least squares method obtained the fitting formulas for the depth of the scour at the dike head and upstream side. Overall, the present study indicates an agreement of the scouring characteristics around a spur dike between the field observations and laboratory experiment, and the fitting formulas can be effectively applied to engineering practices of a macro-tidal estuary.