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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Dormancy and germination studies on mallow (Malva parviflora).

R. Chorbadjian    
M. Kogan    

Resumen

Studies indicated that mallow seeds could be liberated from the fruit by soaking them in sulfuric acid (95%) during 2 h. These treatments did not affect seed germination at 90 days post harvest (DPH), but increased it slightly at 150 DPH. Due to the fact that only dorsal cuts of the seed coat with scalpel or needle puncturing, or chemical scarification allowed an increase in their germination, it was determined that M. parviflora seeds presented dormancy imposed by the seed coat. A higher germination rate was observed when the seed coat was cut (scalpel) than when it was punctured with a needle. Chemical scarification with sulfuric acid for 15 min to 4 h, allowed for approximately 90% germination of the seeds at 150 DPH, increasing the percentage of seeds damaged by the acid when treated up to 2 h. In the chemical scarification treatments, seeds that were scarified at 150 DPH germinated in higher percentages than those treated at 90 DPH. Studies carried out with seeds liberated of their fruit by acid treatments for 2 h and later scarified for 2 h with the same acid, were able to germinate with temperatures ranging from 3.4 to 33.3ºC, with a peak in the germination rate between 16 and 24ºC. Los estudios realizados, indicaron que las semillas de Malva parviflora podían ser liberadas del fruto mediante tratamientos de remojo en ácido sulfúrico (95%) durante 2 h. Estos tratamientos no afectaron la germinación de semillas de 90 días post cosecha (DPC), sin embargo, incrementó la germinación de semillas de 150 DPC. Dado que solo los tratamientos de escarificación manual (corte dorsal de la testa con bisturí y punción con aguja) y escarificación química con ácido sulfúrico permitieron un aumento significativo de la germinación, se consideró que las semillas de M. parviflora presentan dormancia impuesta por la testa. Se observó una mayor tasa de germinación cuando se cortó parte de la testa con un bisturí, que cuando se perforó el dorso de la testa con una aguja. El proceso de escarificación química con ácido sulfúrico entre 15 min y 4 h, permitió un 90% de germinación de las semillas de 150 DPC. Sin embargo, a partir de 2 h de tratamiento el porcentaje de semillas dañadas aumentó. En los tratamientos de escarificación química con semillas de 90 y 150 DPC, se observó un mayor efecto de los tratamientos sobre la germinación de las semillas, cuando transcurrió más tiempo desde su cosecha. Los estudios realizados con semillas de 150 DPC liberadas del fruto mediante tratamientos con ácido sulfúrico durante 2 h y posteriormente escarificadas por 2 h con el mismo ácido, germinaron con temperaturas desde 3,4 hasta 33,3ºC, presentando una temperaturaóptima para la germinación entre 16 y 24ºC.

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