Resumen
About 85% of the daily trips start or end at the own home (MID 2008). The decision to go by foot, bicycle, public transport or car is reached at the residence and depends on the residential environment and housing situation. There are thoughts about alternative financing models to make the public transport more popular on this decision. This can be considered in traffic management for housing areas like student tickets and job tickets. Mobility management for housing areas is understood as method that are developed for residents of specific living quarters or tenants of designated housing companies. They include a specific benefit for the target group in addition to the common services (Bäumer & Köllinger, 2009), resulting in a win-win-situation for all participants: the customers get a cheaper access to the public transport and further transport services as well as more options with the choice of transport mode. The transportation company enhances his service, acquires new customers and can plan with solid collection of fees. A more liveable environment through the reduction of the car traffic and parking spaces can be created in the commune. The landlords and housing companies enhance their main product ?home?, can reach a better customer loyalty and recovery as well as save costs with parking facilities in development areas. (Bäumer, Reutter & Reudenbach 2008; Dittrich-Wesbuer & Reutter, 2003; et.al.) Despite many good arguments, corresponding proposals are only rarely considered in mobility strategies. Because of this a tenant ticket will be developed in the research project DieMo RheinMain. The project is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF). Tenant tickets are fare reduced season tickets for public transport for residents of designated housing areas or renter of designated housing companies. The tenant ticket implements the public transport consistently into the proposal of housing companies based on integrated fares and sales channel and provides an access to the public transport with the rent payment. Within the project usable concepts and transferable recommendations for tenant tickets will be developed. Those consider also possible problems with implementation with the aim of reaching an easier and stronger connection between habitation and transport as well as providing the residents bigger possibilities in the choice of transport mode. Beside a reduction potential at the transport performance of vehicles and the environmental pollution shall also facilitated the economisation of parking space. Different concepts for tenant tickets (voluntary models and solidary models) will be developed to consider special needs of the customers and different local conditions. Previous activities in mobility management for housing areas will be investigated and parallels will be searched for general mobility management concepts to find solutions. There will be included previous activities and tried concepts of the past as well. At a first workshop with tenant associations, housing companies, municipalities and transport companies all stakeholders come together and discuss in separate groups and the plenum about requirements and expectations of transport services connected with habitation as well as barriers and possible arrangements of services. Different concepts of tenant tickets will be developed from the results of the workshop and the previous investigations. They will be presented to the stakeholders at a second workshop and validated to their practicability. There were already some implemented concepts for tenant tickets but many of them have already been closed. Especially juridical obstacles complicate or obstruct the implementation of traffic concepts. Furthermore the success has often been blocked by insufficient participation and cooperation of the stakeholders as well as missing acceptance. The most realised services, especially at the housing stock, are based on the concept of voluntariness. There is a successful examples in Bielefeld/Germany (moBiel & BGW 2015). The tenants of the ?Bielefelder Gemeinnützige Wohnungsbaugesellschaft? can buy a tenant ticket since 2005 which is available for all price levels and is granted with a 10% discount. A similar tenant ticket is offered by the ?VBW Bauen und Wohnen? for their tenants at Bochum/Germany, who can buy a season ticket with an 11.5% discount (Bäumer, 2003; VBW, 2015). The already implemented examples indicate that an intensive cooperation between the stakeholders with settling the financing and distribution, inclusion of tenants and an intensive marketing is particularly necessary for the success. A good service of the public transport, fully accessibility to the services and an easy purchase option is essential as well. Implemented activities need time for an acceptance of the residents. At the workshop with the stakeholders all participants agreed that connections with further services (such as car sharing) over a common access achieve the highest benefit for the tenants. In addition the politics will be held accountable to improve the conditions for the concepts as well as with support for the initiatives. All in all it became clear that the cooperation to create successful concepts will be no sure-fire success. All involved groups are mutually responsible for analysing the special locally conditions and the creation of circumstances for integrated tenant tickets. On the basis of the findings in the project three types of tenant tickets will be developed from which a realisable concept will be presented: optional model, solidary model and ticket sharing. The optional model is based on a minimum purchase of tickets for the public transport by the housing company with granting a bulk discount by the transport company which is directly passed to the tenants. With the solidary model the involved households will be obliged to buy a tenant ticket. Higher discounts can be reached due to a mixed calculation with higher number of members in this case. The Ticketsharing model offers middle to very high discounts due to the division of a transmittable travel card through a separate member group. A focus at the concept development is the consideration of the special requirements to the implementation and the participation of the concerned stakeholders to guarantee the practicability.