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ARTÍCULO
TITULO

The effect of temperature and relative humidity on conidial germination of Botrytis cinerea.

B.A. LATORRE    
M.E. RIOJA    

Resumen

The effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on conidialgermination of Botrytis cinerea Pers. were studied in vitro. Conidia of two B. cinerea isolates, originallyisolated from grapes (Vitis vinifera L.), were obtained from 7- to 14 day old cultures on potato dextroseagar, acidulated with 0.5 ml·L-1 of 1N lactic acid. Plates containing dextrose agar (15 g of agar and 15 g ofdextrose per liter) were seeded in duplicate and incubated for 24 h at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 or 30 ºC (± 1 °C)in incubator chambers. The effect of RH on conidial germination was studied at 20 °C. Sealed jars, of 500ml of capacity, containing 125 ml of water (100 % RH) or 125 ml of a saturated solution of either Na2HPO4(98 % RH) or KCl (86% RH), were employed as moist chambers. Dry conidia were spread over a disk ofcellophane (3-4 cm in diameter) and placed either in a sterile Petri plate or over a Petri plate containing1.5% water agar. Plates were placed inside the moist chambers and were incubated for 18 h at 20 °C.Conidial germination occurred from 5 to 30 °C after 24 h of incubation. No germination was obtained at 0°C and it was optimal at 20 °C. The polynomial regression model y = -0.25x2 + 9.76x + 6.01, (R2 = 0.94)best explained the relationship between temperature (x) and percent germination (y) when temperatureranged from 0 to 30 °C. Regardless of the RH, no conidial germination was obtained in the absence of freewater. Consequently, these results suggest that free water is needed for infection under field conditions.Infection caused by B. cinerea on grapes and other crops has been reported to occur under high RH(>90%). However, under high RH it is very likely that imperceptible condensation can occur in vivo,providing free water for germination and eventually for infection. En este trabajo se estudió el efecto de la temperaturay de la humedad relativa (HR) en la germinación invitro de conidias de dos aislamientos de Botrytiscinerea Pers. obtenidos originalmente de vid (Vitisvinifera L.). Las conidias se obtuvieron en el laboratorioa partir de cultivos entre 7 y 14 días en agarpapa dextrosa acidulado con 0,5 ml de ácido láctico1 N. Placas de Petri, conteniendo agar dextrosa (15g·L-1 de agar más 15 g·L-1 de dextrosa), se sembraronen duplicado con conidias de cada aislamiento y seincubaron por 3, 6, 8, 12 y 24 h a 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25o 30 ºC (±1 °C) en cámara de incubación. El efectode la HR sobre la germinación de las conidias se estudióen cámaras húmedas de 500 ml de capacidadlas cuales contenían 125 de agua (100% HR) o 125ml de una solución saturada de Na2HPO4 (98 % HR)o KCl (86% HR). Conidias secas de B. cinerea sedistribuyeron sobre discos de papel celofán (3-4 cmde diámetro), los que se colocaron directamente enplacas de Petri o bien en placas de Petri con 1,5 % deagar agua. Estas placas se colocaron dentro de lascámaras húmedas a las respectivas HR y se incubaronpor 24 h a 20 °C. La germinación de conidiasocurrió entre 5 y 30 °C. No hubo germinación en 24h a 0 °C y la germinación fue óptima a 20 °C. Larelación entre la temperatura y el porcentaje degerminación se explicó significativamente por unmodelo polinómico y = -0,25x2 + 9,76x + 6,01, (R2 =0,94), en que x = temperatura (0 a 30 °C) e y = porcentajede germinación de conidias en 12 h. Independientementede la HR, no hubo germinación en ausencia de agua libre. Por lo tanto, estos resultadossugieren que en condiciones de campo la presenciacon alta humedad relativa no sería suficiente para iniciarla germinación y eventualmente producir unasevera infección. Se ha reportado la existencia de infecciónpor B. cinerea en vid y otros cultivos con HRsuperior al 90%. Es posible que con alta HR ocurrancondensaciones imperceptibles sobre el hospedero,proporcionando de este modo el agua necesaria parainiciar la germinación y eventualmente producir unasevera infección.

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