Resumen
After the destructive impact of the global financial crisis of 2008, many believe that pre-crisis financial market regulation did not take the ?big picture? of the system sufficiently into account and, subsequently, fi- nancial supervision mainly ?missed the forest for the trees?. As a re- sult, the need for macroprudential aspects of regulation emerged, which has recently become the focal point of many policy debates. This has also led to intense discussion on the contours of monetary policy after the post-crisis ?new normal?. Here, I review recent progress in em- pirical and theoretical research on the effectiveness of macroprudential tools, as well as the current state of the debate, in order to extract common policy conclusions. The work highlights that, despite the achieve- ments in the literature, the current experience and knowledge of how macroprudential instruments work, their calibration, and the mecha- nisms through which they interact with each other and with monetary policy are rather limited and conflicting. Moreover, I critically survey and note the current challenges faced by macroprudential regulation in creating stable, yet efficient financial systems. At the same time, I emphasize the importance of accepting that many risks may remain, requiring that we proceed prudently and develop better plans for future crises.