Resumen
Active optics is a key technology in ground-based large-aperture telescopes. The active correction of the surface shape of the primary mirror is used to reduce the surface shape error and improve the imaging quality. At present, the structure of the active optics support system is not standardized. Therefore, to ensure the imaging quality of a telescope using a 4m SiC (silicon carbide) primary mirror, this article designed an active support system for the primary mirror and comprehensively evaluated the performance of the system. The system used pneumatic actuators to correct the surface shape of the primary mirror and a six-hardpoint positioning mechanism to correct the pose of the primary mirror. A method for compensating for the force on the hardpoints that causes protrusions and dents on the primary mirror surface was proposed, which effectively improved the accuracy of the primary mirror surface. The bending-mode method was used to determine the correction force. To achieve better results in the surface shape correction based on the bending mode, the relationship between the order of the bending modes used in the correction and the correction effect was studied, enabling the system to achieve a higher surface shape accuracy with a smaller correction force. Finally, the performance of the system was evaluated under various conditions, such as under gravity, thermal load, and wind load. The results indicated that the system had good correction effects on the deformation of the primary mirror under various operating conditions and could meet the requirements of optical design for surface accuracy. In conclusion, this study not only verified the application of active optics technology based on the bending mode in large-aperture SiC mirrors, but also improved on the relevant theoretical research on active optics.