Resumen
Current O-ring dimension measurement algorithms based on machine vision are mainly whole-pixel level algorithms, which have the disadvantage of a low measurement accuracy. In order to improve the stability and accuracy of O-ring dimension measurement, a sub-pixel edge detection algorithm based on cubic spline interpolation is proposed for O-ring dimension measurement. After image pre-processing of the O-ring graphics, the whole-pixel-level O-ring edges are obtained by using a noise-resistant mathematical morphology method, and then the sub-pixel edge contours are obtained using a sub-pixel edge detection algorithm based on cubic spline interpolation. Finally, the edge curve is fitted with the least squares method to obtain its inner and outer diameter as well as the size of the wire diameter. The experimental data show that the algorithm has a mean square error of 4.8 µm for the outer diameter and 0.18 µm for the wire diameter. The outer diameter error is kept within ±100 µm and the wire diameter error can be kept within ±15 µm. Compared with the whole pixel algorithm, the measurement accuracy has been greatly improved.