Resumen
Dan-el Padilla Peralta?s exquisite exploration of citizenship and displacement across two millennia draws on sources from ancient Greece and Rome as well as modern empires, including the U.S., and proposes two creative heuristic devices?the ?insular scheme? and ?radical inclusion??that enable us to better understand both the marginalizing experience and the animating possibilities of immigrant citizenship. In my response to his piece, I assess the relevance of these ideas to the history of Puerto Ricans in relation to the United States. Puerto Ricans, caught in the ?insular scheme? of U.S. citizenship since American citizenship was imposed on them in 1917, are the most obvious exemplars of ?differentiated citizens? in the nation and have struggled in multiple ways with the question of inclusion as citizens. I examine the ways that Puerto Ricans have used the language of recognition as a way to explain the aspiration of equitable citizenship, a vision of belonging in the nation that sounds much like Padilla Peralta?s ?radical inclusion.?