Inicio  /  Aerospace  /  Vol: 4 Núm: 3 Par: Septemb (2017)  /  Artículo
ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Mitigating the Climate Impact from Aviation: Achievements and Results of the DLR WeCare Project

Volker Grewe    
Katrin Dahlmann    
Jan Flink    
Christine Frömming    
Robin Ghosh    
Klaus Gierens    
Romy Heller    
Johannes Hendricks    
Patrick Jöckel    
Stefan Kaufmann    
Katrin Kölker    
Florian Linke    
Tanja Luchkova    
Benjamin Lührs    
Jesper Van Manen    
Sigrun Matthes    
Andreas Minikin    
Malte Niklaß    
Martin Plohr    
Mattia Righi    
Simon Rosanka    
Angela Schmitt    
Ulrich Schumann    
Ivan Terekhov    
Simon Unterstrasser    
Margarita Vázquez-Navarro    
Christiane Voigt    
Kai Wicke    
Hiroshi Yamashita    
Andreas Zahn and Helmut Ziereis    

Resumen

The WeCare project (Utilizing Weather information for Climate efficient and eco efficient future aviation), an internal project of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR), aimed at finding solutions for reducing the climate impact of aviation based on an improved understanding of the atmospheric impact from aviation by making use of measurements and modeling approaches. WeCare made some important contributions to advance the scientific understanding in the area of atmospheric and air transportation research. We characterize contrail properties, show that the aircraft type significantly influences these properties, and how contrail-cirrus interacts with natural cirrus. Aviation NOx emissions lead to ozone formation and we show that the strength of the ozone enhancement varies, depending on where within a weather pattern NOx is emitted. These results, in combination with results on the effects of aerosol emissions on low cloud properties, give a revised view on the total radiative forcing of aviation. The assessment of a fleet of strut-braced wing aircraft with an open rotor is investigated and reveals the potential to significantly reduce the climate impact. Intermediate stop operations have the potential to significantly reduce fuel consumption. However, we find that, if only optimized for fuel use, they will have an increased climate impact, since non-CO2 effects compensate the reduced warming from CO2 savings. Avoiding climate sensitive regions has a large potential in reducing climate impact at relatively low costs. Taking advantage of a full 3D optimization has a much better eco-efficiency than lateral re-routings, only. The implementation of such operational measures requires many more considerations. Non-CO2 aviation effects are not considered in international agreements. We showed that climate-optimal routing could be achieved, if market-based measures were in place, which include these non-CO2 effects. An alternative measure to foster climate-optimal routing is the closing of air spaces, which are very climate-sensitive. Although less effective than an unconstrained optimization with respect to climate, it still has a significant potential to reduce the climate impact of aviation. By combining atmospheric and air transportation research, we assess climate mitigation measures, aiming at providing information to aviation stakeholders and policy-makers to make aviation more climate compatible.

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