ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Biological vulnerability in the Elqui Valley (Coquimbo Region, Chile) to economically important arthropods.

Jaime Pizarro-Araya    
Jorge Cepeda-Pizarro    
Juan E. Barriga    
Andrés Bodini    

Resumen

Current climate conditions in north-central Chile (25°57´-32°13?S, 71°43´-68°16´W) are characterized by increasing temperatures and decreasing rainfall. Global warming is expected to alter the hydrology and ecoclimatic characteristics of north-central basins with multiple effects, including changes in plant and arthropod phenology and biodiversity. Among these basins, the Elqui Valley (29°50´S, 70°52´W) stands out for its large population and the economic importance of tourism and agriculture. The taxonomic composition of agriculturally and medically important arthropods was studied in three locations in the Elqui Valley by manual capture of specimens and interviews with farmers, agricultural workers, and local leaders. Out of a total of 145 species of insects and 36 species of arachnids, 36 insects and 1 arachnid are considered pests and are known to attack one or more host plants. Four orders dominated the insect suryes: Coleoptera (31.3% of the total captured), Orthoptera (13.9%), Hymenoptera (9.3%), and Lepidoptera (13.4%). Some agriculturally important insects include Macrosiphum, Rhopalosiphum, Myzus (Aphididae), Coccus, Parthenolecanium, Saissetia (Coccidae) and Pseudococcus (Pseudococcidae). Some medically important species are those in the zoonotic genera Loxosceles, Latrodectus, Triatoma, and Mepraia. The study of agriculturally and medically important arthropods will improve the design of better of management plans to minimize the vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change. Las condiciones climáticas actuales del norte-centro de Chile se caracterizan por el aumento de la temperatura y la disminución de la precipitación. En este escenario, se espera que el calentamiento global altere el balance hídrico y las características ecoclimáticas de las cuencas, con diversos efectos (ej., alteración de la fenología de plantas y artrópodos; cambios en la riqueza y biodiversidad local) sobre el ecosistema. Entre estas cuencas, se destaca la cuenca del Valle de Elqui (Región de Coquimbo, Chile), que alberga una población humana importante y es un destacado foco económico en términos de actividades agrícolas y turísticas. En este contexto, mediante colectas manuales y entrevistas a agricultores, se estudió la composición taxonómica del ensamble de artrópodos de importancia agrícola y médica en tres localidades del Valle de Elqui. Treinta y seis de 145 especies de insectos y una de 36 especies de arácnidos son consideradas plagas de importancia agrícola que atacan a uno o más hospederos. Cuatro ordenes dominaron el ensamble de Insecta: Coleoptera (31,3% de total capturado), Orthoptera (13,9%), Hymenoptera (9,3%), Lepidoptera (13,4%). Entre los insectos de importancia agrícola se destaca la presencia de Macrosiphum, Rhopalosiphum, Myzus (Aphididae); Coccus, Parthenolecanium, Saissetia (Coccidae) y Pseudococcus (Pseudococcidae). Entre las especies de importancia médica se destacan los géneros zoonóticos Loxosceles, Latrodectus, Triatoma y Mepraia. El estudio y conocimiento detallado de estos artrópodos permitirá establecer planes de monitoreo y control que minimicen la vulnerabilidad del sistema frente a las modifi caciones ambientales derivados del cambio climático.

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