ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Effect of temperature on flower and berry infections caused by Botrytis cinerea on table grapes.

B.A. Latorre    
M.E. Rioja    
C. Lillo    

Resumen

Botrytis cinerea Pers., the cause of the gray mold, is the most important pathogen attacking both table and wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) in Chile. The effect of temperature on the infection developed on mature berries and flowers was assessed in moist chambers (relative humidity>95%). Flowers and berries were inoculated with conidial suspension prepared in 0.2% water agar. Additionally, berries were also inoculated by blowing dry conidia over the berries placed in an inoculation tower. Infection occurred from 0 to 30 °C and it was optimal at 20 °C, for both flower and fruit infection. However, disease rate (% incidence·h-1), estimated by linear regression analysis between y = disease incidence at 20 ºC, and x = time, was significantly (p < 0.036) higher for flower infection than for berry infection. Incubation period, at 20 ºC, was less than 24 h for flower infection and it varied from 24 to 48 h on Flame Seedless and Thompson Seedless, respectively. Significant differences were obtained between the inoculation methods, however, differences in disease incidence between Thompson and Flame Seedless were not significant, suggesting that both cultivars are equally susceptible to B. cinerea.Botrytis cinerea Pers., agente causal de la pudrición gris, ocasiona importantes pérdidas tanto en uva de mesa (Vitis vinifera L.), como en variedades destinadas a la vinificación. Previamente se ha establecido que la infección en bayas maduras ocurre en respuesta a la temperatura y a la humedad ambiental. En este trabajo se demostró que mientras la humedad no sea un factor limitante, la infección de bayas maduras de uva de mesa cvs. Thompson Seedless y Flame Seedless y la infección de las flores del cv. Thompson Seedless ocurren en función de la temperatura. En ambos casos, la temperatura óptima fue de 20 °C y la incidencia de la pudrición gris disminuyó significativamente con temperaturas de 0 a 30 °C. A la temperatura óptima (20 °C) y en condiciones de cámara húmeda, la tasa de desarrollo de la pudrición gris, estimada por regresión lineal entre la incidencia y el tiempo de incubación, fue significativamente superior en flores que en bayas del cv. Thompson Seedless. El período de incubación, en óptimas condiciones térmicas (20 °C), fue de 24 h en flores de Thompson Seedless y de 24 y 48 h en bayas Flame Seedless y Thompson Seedless, respectivamente. No hubo diferencias significativas entre la incidencia obtenida en bayas maduras de Thompson Seedless y Flame Seedless. Tampoco hubo diferencias significativas entre los métodos de inoculación empleados en la inoculación de las bayas, por vía húmeda y seca. Estos resultados sugieren que las diferencias a veces obtenidas en terreno, entre estos dos cultivares de uva de mesa, atribuibles a diferencias en susceptibilidad genética, al parecer son solo circunstanciales.

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