ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Tablegrape quality modified by artificial increments in irrigation water salinity.

L.A. Gurovich    
B. Herrera    

Resumen

A new technique to modify berry quality parameters in table grape production, by increasing irrigation water salinity through fertigation is presented. Results from four field experiments are reported, aimed to define the effect of salinity levels, induced at different phenology stages, to extend berry shelf - life, without a reduction on yield or berry size distribution. Salinity increments were applied using precise injectors installed on drip irrigation systems, incremented irrigation water salinity up to 1.4 dS/m, and were applied at different berry development stages; these salt applications through fertigation, resulted in significant berry quality improvements, mainly related to an extended shelf life under refrigerated conditions. Adopting this production technique will enable selling the fruit at the end of the Northern hemisphere winter season (late April), when prices are higher. Quality improvement reported for enhanced salinity in this paper is postulated as a result of osmotic adjustment (osmoregulation) mechanisms, previously reported for Vitis vinifera.Se presentó una técnica nueva para modificar algunos parámetros de calidad de las bayas en la producción de uva de mesa, incrementando artificialmente la salinidad del agua de riego a través de la fertigación. Se analizaron los resultados de 4 ensayos realizados en plantaciones comerciales, cuyos objetivos fueron determinar el efecto de niveles de salinidad, inducidos en diferentes etapas del desarrollo de las bayas, en la extensión del período de vida en anaquel, sin afectar significativamente el rendimiento o la distribución por tamaño de las bayas. Los incrementos de salinidad se aplicaron por medio de inyectores de precisión instalados en los equipos de riego por goteo, alcanzando niveles de 1,4 dS/m, en diferentes etapas. Estos tratamientos determinaron un mejoramiento significativo de la calidad de las bayas, relacionados principalmente con la extensión del periodo de vida de bayas y racimos bajo condiciones de refrigeración. La adopción de esta técnica puede permitir la venta de fruta al finalizar el invierno en el Hemisferio Norte (fines de Abril), cuando los precios de mercado son altos. Los efectos positivos de la salinidad del agua de riego incrementada artificialmente se relacionan con los mecanismos de ajuste osmótico (osmoregulación), publicados previamente por algunos autores para Vitis vinifera.

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