Inicio  /  Andean Geology  /  Vol: 21 Núm: 2 Par: PP (1994)  /  Artículo
ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Variation in Lower Cretaceous secondary mineral assemblages and thermal gradients across the Andes of central Chile (30-35°S)

Mario Vergara    
Beatriz Levi    
Jan O. Nystrom    
Eugenia Fonseca    
Carlos Roeschmann    

Resumen

ABSTRACT. Stratigraphic sequences of Lower Cretaceous age occur in two belts along central Chile. Between 30° and 35°S, the western belt, situated in the Coast Range is composed of 7-14 km thick intra-arc and forearc sequences dominated by shoshonitic to high-K calc-alkaline volcanic rocks, whereas the eastern belt in the High Cordillera consists of 2-5 km thick back-arc sequences with a smaller proportion of volcanics which have a less alkalic affinity. The rocks in both belts are burial metamorphosed at greenschist, prehnite-pumpellyite and upper zeolite facies. However, their secondary mineral assemblages show differences which indicate that the thermal gradients were ca. 20°C km-1 in the Coast Range and 45-80°C km-1 in the High Cordillera. This suggests that during the Lower Cretaceous, the crust was thinner in the east than in the west, i. e., contrary to the present situation. RESUMEN. Variación de las asociaciones de minerales secundarios y gradientes termales en el Cretácico Inferior en los Andes de Chile central (30-35°S). En Chile central las secuencias estratigráficas del Cretácico Inferior afloran en dos cinturones de dirección norte-sur. Entre los 30° y 35°S, el cinturón occidental, ubicado en la Cordillera de la Costa, está formado por secuencias de intra-arco y ante-arco de 7 -14 km de espesor dominadas por rocas volcánicas shoshoníticas y calco-alcalinas ricas en K, mientras que el cinturón oriental ubicado en la Cordillera de los Andes consiste en Una secuencia de tras-arco de 2-5 km de espesor can Una menor proporción de rocas volcánicas, las cuales tienen Una menor afinidad alcalina. Las rocas de ambos cinturones están metamorfizadas en facies de esquistos verdes, prehnita-pumpellyita y facies alta de ceolita. Sin embargo, sus asociaciones mineralógicas secundarias muestran diferencias que indican que las gradientes de temperatura en la Cordillera de la Costa eran de aproximadamente 20°C km-1, y en la Cordillera de los Andes de 45-80°C km-1. Esto sugiere que durante el Cretácico Inferior la corteza era más delgada en el este que en el oeste, o sea, Una situación opuesta a la actual.

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