ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Early individual growth of Eucryphia cordifolia and Laurelia sempervirens planted under different competition conditions in south-central Chile.

Daniel Uteau    
Pablo J. Donoso    

Resumen

Few studies have focused on forest research in plantations with Chilean native species midtolerant to shade. Such species may use resources that intolerant species cannot, increasing the total site productivity. This study aimed to defi ne the factors that explain the growth of Eucryphia cordifolia Cav. and Laurelia sempervirens (Ruiz et Pavón) Tul., two midtolerant species of southern Chile. We sought to determine the effect on these species of competition in mixed-species plantations. At the time of this study, the plantations were 4 to 22 years old. Two competition indices were analyzed for each species: the Growing Space Polygon (GSP) and the Canopy Overlap (CO). The GSP proved to be very useful in predicting the growth in the older plantations where E. cordifolia and L. sempervirens had their crowns below the main canopy, suggesting strong competition for water and nutrients (also called symmetric competition). In contrast, in young plantations (around 10 years old), growth was better explained by CO, suggesting that competition occurs mainly for light (also called asymmetric competition). Silvicultural techniques that could improve the growth of these species in mixed plantations were proposed, such as an earlier thinning entry to provide these species with more room for light, as dictated by their intermediate tolerance to shade.  La investigación forestal en Chile en plantaciones con especies nativas semitolerantes a la sombra ha sido marginal. Estas especies pueden aprovechar los recursos disponibles para estratos intermedios del bosque aumentando la productividad bruta del sitio. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo describir el crecimiento de Eucryphia cordifolia y Laurelia sempervirens, dos especies semitolerantes del bosque Valdiviano de Chile, en función de su competencia arbórea en varias plantaciones mixtas y en un bosque adulto. La plantaciones evaluadas tuvieron entre 4 y 22 años al momento de realizar este trabajo. Para cada especie y en cada lugar de estudio, se calcularon dos índices de competencia de árboles individuales: competencia de copas (CC) y área potencialmente aprovechable (APA). En plantaciones de mayor edad, en las que los individuos de E. cordifolia y L. sempervirens se encontraron bajo el dosel arbóreo dominante, se notó una fuerte relación entre el APA y el crecimiento, lo cual sugiere una fuerte competencia por agua y nutrientes, es decir competencia simétrica. Por el contrario, en los individuos más jóvenes (alrededor de 10 años deedad), el crecimiento se vio mejor explicado por la competencia de copas, refl ejando competencia principalmente por luz, es decir competencia asimétrica. Se proponen algunas estrategias silviculturales, entre ellas, adelantar un primer raleo de modo de proporcionar a estas especies más espacio para captación de luz, considerando su condición de especies semitolerantes a la sombra.

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