ARTÍCULO
TITULO

A statistical approach for assessing the heterogeneity of Hass avocados subjected to different postharvest abiotic stresses

Claudia Fuentealba    
Romina Pedreschi    
Ignacia Hernández    
Jorge Saavedra    

Resumen

Hass avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is marketed worldwide. Due to its complex physiology, a wide variability in postharvest ripening can be observed, i.e., heterogeneity in the number of days to reach edible ripeness. There is a need for a simple and objective method for evaluating the efficacy of postharvest treatments in the reduction of this postharvest ripening heterogeneity given the high demand of import countries for consistent quality and product homogeneity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the appropriateness of different statistical methods used to evaluate this ripening heterogeneity. Bartlett?s, Cochran?s, Levene?s homogeneity of variance tests were applied to different treatments. In addition, a multiple comparisons test of squared residuals (parametric and non-parametric) was applied. The classical statistical approaches (Bartlett?s, Cochran?s and Levene?s tests) showed similar results as the multiple comparisons test of squared residuals only when one treatment and large sample sizes (n=100) were evaluated. All statistical methods were able to detect significant differences in ripening heterogeneity from growers and storage conditions. The multiple comparisons test of squared residuals was the most suitable method for multifactorial experiments and small sample sizes (n=30) compared to the classical approaches, which increased the probability of obtaining false positives or a type I error. La palta Hass (Persea americana Mill.) es mundialmente comercializada y los países importadores demandan productos homogéneos y de calidad consistente. Sin embargo, debido a la compleja fisiología del fruto se observa una amplia variabilidad durante su maduración postcosecha, es decir, heterogeneidad en los días para alcanzar la madurez comercial. Por tal motivo, es necesario evaluar la eficacia de tratamientos postcosecha en la reducción de la heterogeneidad en la maduración a través de un método objetivo y simple. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar diferentes métodos estadísticos para la evaluación de la heterogeneidad en la maduración. A los diferentes tratamientos se aplicaron pruebas de homogeneidad de varianza como Bartlett, Cochran, Levene. Además, se realizó una comparación múltiple a residuales cuadráticos (paramétricos y no paramétricos). Las pruebas estadísticas clásicas (Bartlett, Cochran y Levene) mostraron resultados similares a la comparación múltiple de residuos cuadráticos sólo cuando el tamaño de muestra es grande (n=100) y se realiza sólo un tratamiento. Todos los métodos estadísticos fueron capaces de detectar diferencias significativas en la heterogeneidad en la maduración entre productores y diferentes condiciones de almacenamiento. La comparación múltiple de residuos cuadráticos fue el método más adecuado para experimentos multifactoriales y de tamaños de muestras más pequeños (n=30) en comparación con las pruebas clásicas, donde éstas últimas conducen a un aumento en la probabilidad de obtener falsos positivos o error tipo I.

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