Resumen
PCa remains a leading health concern worldwide. Serum PSA-based PCa screening led to a well-documented decreased mortality but at the cost of the increased overdiagnosis/overtreatment of indolent disease. Although various tools have been developed to predict PCa patient outcome prior to treatment, mostly based on serum PSA, the Gleason score, and clinical T stage, all have a suboptimal performance and require tissue biopsies from the prostate. To obviate that need, overcome Gleason score subjectivity and the limited specificity of serum PSA, devising more effective tools is mandatory, while also taking the opportunity to adopt minimally invasive strategies based on liquid biopsies.