ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Identification and control of Ulocladium cucurbitae, causal agent of black rot of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). Cien. Inv. Agr. (in English) 33(1):25-32.

J. Auger    
M. Esterio    
L. Meza    

Resumen

The aim of this study was to identify the causal agent of a postharvest black rot of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima Duch.), commonly known as ?picada negra? in Chile and to evaluate the efficacy of chemical control alternatives. Based on morphological characteristics and temperature response, the causal agent of black rot was identified as Ulocladium cucurbitae (Letendre and Roum.) Simmons. This fungus was consistently obtained through repeated isolations made from disease fruits and it was subsequently reisolated from healthy fruits that were artificially inoculated with isolates of U. cucurbitae. The following fungicides and fungicide mixtures were evaluated to control U. cucurbitae in vitro andin vivo: iprodione, prochloraz-carbendazim, epoxiconazole-kresoxim methyl, iprodione-bromuconazole, folpet, metconazole, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, imazalil and benomyl. Metconazole, imazalil and prochloraz-carbendazim were the most effective fungicides to inhibit mycelial growth of U. cucurbitae in vitro and were selected for further studies. Using these fungicides, an in vivo trial was performed on pumpkin fruit pieces, inoculated with U. cucurbitae before and after fungicide treatments. The mixture of prochloraz+carbendazim (300 g·L-1 + 80 g·L-1, Sportak Alpha SC), at the rate of 0.042 µg·mL-1, provided the best control. Infection was favored by the presence of wounds in the fruits. El presente estudio se realizó con el propósito de identificar y determinar al agente causal de la pudrición en poscosecha del zapallo de guarda (Cucurbita maximaDuch.), conocida comúnmente como ?picada negra? en Chile. Al mismo tiempo se evaluó posibles alternativas de control, mediante el uso de fungicidas. A través de sucesivos aislamientos desde frutos enfermos y posteriores inoculaciones en frutos sanos, se identificó Ulocladium cucurbitae (Letendre and Roum.) Simmons como el agente causal de la ?picada negra?. Finalmente se procedió a evaluar la respuesta de diferentes fungicidas in vitro e in vivo. El estudio in vitro se dividió en dos ensayos, en el primero se evaluó iprodione, prochloraz-carbendazim, iprodione-bromuconazole, folpet, metconazole, chlorothalonil, mancozeb, imazalil, epoxiconazole-kresoxim metil y benomyl. En un segundo ensayo se seleccionaron los tres fungicidas más efectivos en la inhibición del desarrollo del micelio de U. cucurbitae. Con los tres fungicidas seleccionados se realizó la prueba in vivo utilizándose trozos de fruto de zapallo de guarda inoculados previo y posteriormente a la aplicación del fungicida. Los productos que presentaron mayor efectividad en in vitro fueron metconazole, imazalil y la mezcla prochloraz-carbendazim. El tratamiento más efectivo fue la mezcla de prochloraz y carbendazim (300 g·L-1 + 80 g·L-1, Sportak Alpha SC), a una concentración de 0.042 µg·mL-1. Los otros fungicidas evaluados fueron inefectivos para inhibir el desarrollo del micelio de U. cucurbitae, siendo estadísticamente similares al testigo sin fungicida. Además, en el estudio in vivo se comprobó que la infección causada por U. cucurbitae ocurre sólo en presencia de heridas en el fruto

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