ARTÍCULO
TITULO

Organizational Divergence in the Meat Industry: A Comparative Analysis of the United States and Chile.

G. Vargas    
W. Foster    
M. Raddatz    

Resumen

This study compares the beef, pork and poultry sectors of the United States and Chile to identify similarities and differences in patterns of industrial organization (concentration and mechanisms of vertical integration). The principal determinants of organizational structures are discussed. The similarities found in the sectors of both countries can be explained in terms of market imperfections, production technology, transaction costs and principal-agent theory. Nevertheless, important differences exist between the two countries, especially with respect to mechanisms of vertical control. To explain these differences it is necessary to consider the peculiarities of each country?s economic and institutional environments, factors that to date have been infrequently examined in the literature relevant to the sectors. Este estudio compara la organización industrial de los sectores productores de vacunos, cerdos y aves de los Estados Unidos y Chile, con objeto de identificar similitudes y diferencias en los patrones de organización industrial (concentración y mecanismos de coordinación vertical). Luego, se discuten los principales determinantes de dicha organización. Las similitudes encontradas entre los países y sectores considerados pueden ser explicadas a través de conceptos y modelos tales como imperfecciones de mercado, tecnologías de producción, costos de transacción y teoría de agencia. Sin embargo, existen importantes diferencias en la organización de las industrias de Chile y Estados Unidos, especialmente respecto a los mecanismos de coordinación vertical. Para explicar estas diferencias es necesario considerar las particularidades en el ambiente económico e institucional, variables que hasta la fecha han sido escasamente consideradas por la literatura especializada.

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